iAL Geography edexcel - Paper 2. 2.4.3 Urban planning. All 6 syllabus points. PPT and workbook

Workbook and Powerpoint covering 2.4.3 Urban planning. Enquiry question: How significant is the ‘housing
crisis’ in developing and developed world cities and how can it be reduced?

• Public housing has its origins in the European industrial revolution, and is a major component of housing stock in some developed and emerging world cities.
• Public housing provision varies between cities in terms of availability, quality and affordability.
• Informal slum housing and service provision can be improved by residents and community action through the process of
consolidation over time.
• NGO and community groups play a role in improving housing and services in slum areas in developing world cities, and providing affordable housing in developed cities.
• Planning ‘ideal’ cities has a long history (garden cities, new towns, new capital cities) with the aim of minimising the social
and environmental problems of traditional cities.
• Eco-cities focus on reducing urban ecological footprints (transport, water use, waste and recycling) and providing a high-quality urban environment, but they are not widespread.