C1100 The separate profession of schoolmaster emerges.

1120 High point of medieval scholasticism C1130 Peter Abelard lecturing in Paris at what was becoming the city’s university. Medical school founded at Bologna University.

1150 Rediscov- ery of Aristotle in the West C1167 Univer-sity of Oxford, following the Paris pattern, begins to be a recognised centre of higher education.

C1200 About 30 English towns now known to have schools. Leonardo Fibonacci introduces arithmetic to Europe using the Arabic number system.

1209 University of Cambridge, formed by scholars migrating from Oxford, becoming increasingly recognised.

1215 At the Lateran Council, Pope Innocent III calls upon churches and cathedrals to set up schools.

1247 Roger Bacon, English scholar, educational reformer and monk, at Oxford C1300 About 100 English towns known to have schools 1305 Duns Scotus, Scottish theologian and scholar, in Paris. Criticism of his conservative followers later gives rise to the word “dunce”.

1319 William of Ockham, English theologian and scholastic philosopher, at Oxford 1382 Winchester College founded by William Wykeham 1387 Chaucer writes “The Canterbury Tales” (pictured right) C1400 About 200 English towns known to have schools 1440 Geoffrey (recluse, living in a friary in Kings Lynn) produces “Promptorum Parvulorum”, the first English-to-Latin dictionary.

Eton founded by King Henry VI for 25 needy scholars.

1450 Gutenberg invents printing with moveable metal type.

1455 The Gutenberg Bible printed.