THE INTERNATIONAL Labour Organisation estimates that 60 million children aged under 12 and 175 million overall work in hazardous jobs such as mining.In Bolivia, for example, in mines owned by Rio Tinto, parents take their children to work underground to boost their piece-work wages. “It is something that we would not condone, but it may be one of the harsh facts of life,” said Shaun Stewart, manager of international issues at Rio Tinto.