The starting occupations of young people have increasingly been concentrated on the bottom rungs of the jobs ladder despite rising education levels, a new study suggests.
Research indicates that recent generations have been starting their careers in low-paid jobs such as bar staff, waiters, call centre workers and kitchen assistants.
As a result, they have been relying on rapid progression from their initial jobs for their wages to catch up, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS).
Trends identified before the coronavirus crisis suggest that the speed of progression has been rising, although for men born since 1985 it has slowed down.
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The research, funded by the Alan Turing Institute, found that men born in each decade since the 1950s, and women born since 1985, started their careers in occupations further down the wage ladder than their predecessors.
Young people in low-paid jobs
The increased concentration of young women in low-paying occupations at the start of their careers is a “sharp reversal” from the trend seen over previous decades, says the report.
Men born since 1985 started lower down the occupational ladder than their predecessors and then climbed it more slowly, it adds.
IFS deputy director Robert Joyce said: “The overall mix of jobs in the UK has changed radically over the last four decades, with highly skilled occupations much more prevalent in the modern service-based economy than in the past.
“Despite rising education levels, the starting occupations of young people have defied this trend. They have increasingly been concentrated on the bottom rungs of the occupational ladder.
“For young men, this shift has been occurring for a few decades. For young women, it represents a sharp reversal for women born since 1985.
Barriers to job progression
“Compounding this, we also find some support for the perception that there are increasing barriers to job progression.
“The pandemic threatens to exacerbate some of the concerning trends. Job progression is likely to be much harder in an uncertain economic environment with reduced hiring.”
Minister for employment Mims Davies said: “Our Plan for Jobs aims to ensure there are options for young people entering the world of work, including through our Kickstart Scheme and increasing participation in our sector-based work academies.
“We all have a role to play in ensuring young people can progress, with many employers offering accelerated routes through traineeships and apprenticeships.
“As we emerge from this health emergency, we are working with business to make sure no generation is left behind.”
