* The Qualifications and Curriculum Authority is considering how to introduce optional tests in English, maths and science for 11 to 12-year-olds. It says these would help counter a dip in pupil perfomance in the early years of secondary school.
The QCA already publishes optional tests for eight, nine and 10-year-olds, which will be used by 90 per cent of schools next year.
Research Focus, 30,31
