Full PowerPoint lesson looking at US Election Campaign Finance - Speculative 2024, main data from 2022. Also includes a starter test (and answers) on related content Overview Factors affecting the outcomes of elections in the USA Importance of Campaign Finance - Source task What is Campaign Finance? Difference between hard and soft money Total spending on recent US Elections (speculative on 2024) x2 Spending on mid term elections - graph Democratic V Republican Spending over last 10 years Which political party spent most on campaigns in 2022 elections Average cost of a Senate seat Top 5 most expensive Senate seats - 2022 Average cost of a House seat Top 5 most expensive House seats - 2022 Spending trends in 2022 Spending on 2020 Presidential Election Source activity on the effects of money on campaigning WHY IS MONEY IMPORTANT IN ELECTION CASMPAIGNS – Overview of Campaign Finance legislation Source activity on restructions to Campaign Finance Public Funding - argumets for and against x4 What is private funding? Biggest priovate funders in 2022 Private Funding - PACs Private Funding - Super PACs Top 10 contributing PACs to Campaign funds in 2022 Elections Pacs and money and campaigning source activity x2 Arguments in Favor of Unlimited Campaign Spending Arguments AgainstUnlimited Campaign Spending What was money spent on during 2022 election campaign

A 20 slide powerpoint looking at the US Presidential election process. Picks up with deciding on the VP and moves on to look at the role of th National Conventions. Based around the 2020 election. Aldo includes a starter test and answers. Plenty of activities. Visual recap of early stages of election campaign. Picking the VP - process Factors affecting the choice of VP The perfect VP - task Outline of the National Conventions and what they set out to achieve Selecting the candidate for President at the National Convention Delegates and voting in the 2020 National Conventions x2 Deciding the Party Platform - inc task Informal functions of the National Conventions Debate - arguments for and against National Conventions being important

Full lesson looking at role of PAC’s and Super Pac’s in US Pressure Groups

Powerpoint lesson looking at US Pressure Groups - Power and Influence of US Pressure Groups. Good or bad for democracy? Pressure Groups – Good or Bad for Democracy Pluralism V Elitism Pressure Groups – Good or Bad for Democracy Pressure Groups – Good or Bad for Democracy - Source activity Pressure Groups – Evidence FOR enhancing democracy Pressure Groups – Evidence AGAINST enhancing democracy Pressure Group Influence - Opposing groups is self-cancelling Pressure Group Influence - Who is more influential - Parties or Pressure Groups? Pressure Group Influence – How Politically Significant are Pressure Groups in the USA? Pressure Group Influence – factors affecting Pressure group Success x2 Pressure Group Influence – How do Pressure Groups Influence Policy making Exam q and Indicative Content

Full powerpoint lesson looking at US Pressure Groups - Tactics - Methods to Influence. Inc. Iron Triangles, Lobbying, Litigation. Lobbying Lobbying source task x4 Pressure Group Tactics – Electioneering and Endorsement (Money) Pressure Group Tactics – Iron Triangles x4 - Including example of NRA. Also coverage of the Military, Industrial Comples Pressure Group Tactics – Litigation Pressure Group Tactics – Amicus Curiae Pressure Group Tactics – The Revolving Door Pressure Group Tactics – Direct Action Pressure Group Tactics- Washington Insiders Pressure Group Tactics – Grass roots Campaigns Pressure Group Methods – The three branches of Government (Access Points) x2 Example Pressure Group in the USA – The National Rifle Association x2 Exam Question with indicative content

A full lesson power point looking at US Pressure Groups - Interest Groups - Types, Functions, Influence and Democracy (Pluralism V Elitism) What is a Pressure Group? Pressure Group Typologies – Sectional or Interest Pressure Group Typologies – Cause or Promotional Pressure Groups - Classification by group status Key Pressure Groups in the USA - Activity Key Pressure Groups in the USA - answers Pluralism and Pressure Groups Extent of Pluralism via Pressure Groups in USA Extent of Pluralism via Pressure Groups in USA - source activity Functions of Pressure Groups in the USA Pressure Group Access Points and Influence in the USA Pressure Group Influence in the USA….reasons Exam Question Indicative Content

Ideological division within US Parties - Republican and Democratic factions A History of Factions? Factions of Republicans Factions in Democratic Party Intraparty Factions - Overview Social Conservative Republicans and the Christian Right Social Conservative Republicans and the House Freedom Caucus Fiscal Conservative Republicans The origin of Fiscal Conservative Republicans and the TEA PARTY Moderate / Social Liberal Republicans Progressive / Liberal Democrats Progressive / Liberal Democrats – The Congressional Progressive Caucus Centrist Democrats Conservative Democrats and the Blue Dog Coalition EXAM QUESTION EXAM QUESTION – INDICATIVE CONTENT

What is a Political Party? Decline of the Political Parties Theory of Party Decline x2 slides Party Renewal

20 slide power point looking at third parties in the USA Guess the party - party logo activity x 2 Why do the Republicans and Democrats dominate in the USA Third Parties in the USA - =Different types of minor parties Third Parties in the USA - =Different types of minor parties Third Parties in the House Third Parties at the State Level – US Governors by Party as at 2023 Third Parties at State Level – State Legislatures by Party control as – Midterms 2023 x2 Third Parties at the State Level – US State Legislature Members by Party as at 2023 x How Third Parties have influenced US policy and political debate and election outcomes Notable Third-Party Success Example Third Party Success - TEA PARTY Reasons for Third Parties lack of electoral success. STRUCTURAL ONE Why do third parties have such little electoral success– STRUCTURAL ONE - illustration Third Parties – reasons for poor electoral success – STRUCTURAL TWO & THREE Why do third parties have such poor electoral success – STRUCTURAL FOUR & FIVE & SIX Why do third parties have such little electoral success – IDELOGICAL Why do third parties have such little electoral success – Source task EXAM QUESTION EXAM QUESTION - Indicative Content

20 slide powerpoint looking at the Two Party System in the USA. What is a two party system? The Founding Fathers and Political Parties Beginning of the Two Party System -– The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists Two Political Parties throught the history of the USA Two Party Dominance in Presidential Elections The Two Party System at Congressional Level x3 Independents and Minor Parties represented in the Senate The Two Party System at Congressional Level x2 Independents and Minor Parties represented in the House Two Party Dominance at the State Level – US Governors by Party as at 2023 Tat the State Level – State Legislatures by Party control as – Midterms 2023 x2 Two Party Dominance at the State Level – US State Legislature Members by Party as at 2023 Advantages of a Two – Party System Disadvantages of a Two – Party System Why does the USA have a Two – Party System. STRUCTURAL ONE Why does the USA have a Two – Party System – STRUCTURAL ONE - Illustration Why does the USA have a Two – Party System – STRUCTURAL TWO & THREE Why does the USA have a Two – Party System – STRUCTURAL FOUR & FIVE & SIX Why does the USA have a Two – Party System – IDELOGICAL EXAM QUESTION EXAM QUESTION - Indicative Content

Learning Intention: To understand what the two main parties stand for via their contemporary policies. To judge the degree of ideological polarisation of the two main political parties What is a Political Party Could the Democrats and Republicans be thought of as ideologically based in the 1950’s/60’s? x2 Are Democrats Liberals and are Republicans Conservatives? Umbrella Parties? x2 Range of Republicans Range of Democrats Consensus to Conflict? Southern Strategy as a factor in bringing about Polarisation x3 Ideological Parties? Increasing Political Polarisation Causes of Political Polarisation x2 Ideological American Politics - source activity x2 Ideological Polarisation - info and source activities Evidence of Political Polarisation. Red America and Blue America Ideological Parties in the Modern Era? Ideological Parties – Overview of Republican Beliefs Ideological Parties – Overview of Democratic Party Beliefs Polarisation of America - Typical voter profile Evidence of Political Polarisation x5 - source activities Exam Question Self Assessment Indicative Content

Learning Intent: To understand the organisation structure of the Republican and Democratic Party. To assess the impact of each parties organisational structure What is a Political Party? Political Party Organisation in the USA – An Overview x2 Republican National Committee Republican National Committee – Affiliated Committees Democrat National Committee x2 S The National Convention x3 Party Platform Creation Are National Conventions important State Level Organisation Local Level Organisation - Inc. Party Machines

31 slide PP looking at Congressional Elections with some past exam questions. Also includes a starter test (and answers) on related content. Overview of Congressional Elections Inc. Video link Constitutional rules for elections to House and Senate Picture of election timescales. Stages in Congressional Elections What is a Mid-Term Election? Voter turn out in 2022 Mid Terms US Senate Seats after 2022 Mid Terms US Senate Election Map after 2022 Mid Terms - Map US House of Representative Seats after 2022 Mid Terms US House of Representatives Election Map after 2022 Mid Terms - Map Congressional Elections Cartoon Source Fundraising in 2018 Overview of 118th Congress Trends in Congressional Elections x3 - Source activities Coattailing in elections Split ticket voting Split ticket voting question Split ticket voting - indicative content Exam Question and answer on the process of Presidential and Congressional elections

20 slide power point covering the 5 political party systems in the USA from the creation of the first political parties to the current political parties. What is a Political Party and who are the main parties in the USA? Overview of history US Political Parties (main two) Inc, video link 1st Political System - The First Political Parties – The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Inc video link. X2 slides 2nd Party System 1828 - 1854  2nd Political System 1828 - 1854 - The Democrats and the Whigs x2 slides 3rd Political System 1854 - 1896 - The Republicans and Democrats - map work 3rd Political System 1854 - 1896 - The Republicans and Democrats 4th Political System 1896 - 1932 - The Republicans and Democrats 5th Political System 1932 - 1960 - The Republicans and Democrats x2. Inc video link 6th Political System 1960’s – to present? - The Republicans and Democrats x5 slides…looking at incrased polarisation List of Republican and Democrat Presidents

FIRST LESSON - 15 slide powerpoint looking at key principals of the US Constitution. Includes a starter test (knowledge recall) and answers. There are also 2 articles attached - these are not produced by me but are freely available from the web. The Connecticut Compromise Bicameral System Election of the President Video - overview of the creation of the US Constitution The preamble to the US Constitution - inc. task What does the preamble mean - info slide What did the Founding Fathers want to achieve via the Constitution x2 slides Social Contract Theory Homework - reading of the Articles SECOND LESSON - 19 slide powerpoint looking at the key features of the US Constitution. Includes a starter test (knowledge recall) and answers + a couple of freely available articles from the web. Article I and II of the Constitution Article III of the Constitution Enumerated powers and the creation of the three branches of government. Articles 4 -7 Pictoral view of Articles I - 7. Why is the US Constitution important - info slide Codified - inf slide Entrenched - Info slide Blended - Info slide Judiciable - Info slide Revision Activity HWK - Article Reading

Lesson 1 - Primaries to Election Day 2020. 24 slide PP providing overview of the key moments in the campaign Candidates by party in June 2021 - Democrat and Republican x3 Smaller parties and the 2020 Presidential Election The election year - an overview Democrat Primary / Caucus Republican Primary Caucus Candidates get eliminated…example stories Campaign finance of Republican candidates Incumbancy and its effect on the nomination process Iowa causus result - Democrats and Republicans New hampshire - Democrats New Hampshire - Republicans Super Tuesday - March 3rd 2020 Joe Biden - Key takeaways Bernie Sanders - Key takeaways Mike Bloomberg - Key takeaways Elizabeth Warren - Key takeaways Opinion polls prior to election Lets get ready…Trump V Biden LESSON 2 - Results of the 2020 Presidential Election Facts about the 2020 Presidential Election Overview of results of 2020 election inc. video link Election 2020 in maps Voter turnout in 2020 comapred to other elections Voter turnout by categpry compared to other elections Voter turnout by race at 2020 election Key voter trends of the 2020 election Voting by race and education Geography as a feature of the 2020 election Factors that led to Trumps defeat x2 Trumps refusal to accept the election result x3 Bidens innaugaration

20 slide powerpoint full lesson looking at the results of the 2022 Midterm elections and the effects of the results. What is a Midterm Election in the USA Factors influencing voting at 2022 Mid Terms Voter turn out in 2022 Mid Terms Voter turn out in 2022 Mid Terms - compared to previous elections Expectations for the 2022 Mid Terms – What is a Wave Election? Was the Midterm 2022 election a referendum on Trump? US Senate Seats after 2022 Mid Terms US Senate Election Map after 2022 Mid Terms US Senate seats with significant swings at 2022 Mid Terms US House of Representative Seats after 2022 Mid Terms US House of Representatives Election Map after 2022 Mid Terms US House of Representative Seats  lost by past and present Presidents Governor Results at 2022 Mid Terms Red Wave in 2022? x2 source activities Why was there no Red Wave in the  2022 Mid Terms Trump Supporters and the 2022 Mid Terms Explaining the Republicans poor showing in the 2022 Mid Terms Trumps reaction to the 2022 Mid Terms The  Republican Party after the 2022 Mid Terms

32 slide powerpoint looking at the sources of direct authority of the US President and looking at the Imperial V Imperiled Presidency debate, Also includes a starter test and answers. What do we mean by Direct Authority and examples of it (overview) Executive Orders (info slide Executive orders - research task to discover latest order Number of Executive orders issued by recent Presidents (Inc. Trump) Obama Executive Orders cartoon analysis task Trump Executive Orders cartoon analysis task Statement signing - inc. link to video Are statement signings legitimate - evidence Recess Appointments - Obama case specified What factors can affect the power of a President? Is the President of the USA really that powerful? Introduction to theories on US Presidential power Imperial Presidency Imperiled Presidency Post Imperial Presidency ‘Bifurcated’ Presidency To what extent are the checks and balances on the President effective? Arguments for and against - 4 slides

This is a full powerpoint lesson looking at US Court system What do courts do - Inc. video link Explanations and flow charts illustrating the division between federal and state courts (Dual Court system) Constitution and creation of Judical System Focus on Federal Court System Example of a state court system - California Differences between Federal & State Courts Differences between Federal & State Courts - Types of cases considered Differences between Federal & State Courts - Jurisdiction US District Courts US Appeal Courts US Supreme Court Federal District Judges – Appointment Process - quick 1 slide overview The Dual Court System – A Conclusion

22 slide powerpoint lesson looking at Amending the US Constitution. Includes a starter test (and answrs) 2 information sheets covering the 27 Amendments and a list of proposed Amendments. What is an amendment - info slide Article 5 - task Video link to how to amend the US Constitution Visual representation of how to amend the US Constitution Differing methods for amending the Constitution - venn diagram task Cartoon analysis - task Why did the FF make the process for amending the Constitution so difficult? Also includes a link to a video. List of the 27 Amendments Limits and restrictions imposed by the Supreme Court on the amendment process. Ways in which the Constitution can be amended - Societal Change Ways in which the Constitution can be amended - Judicial Review Reasons why the Constitution has been amended so rarely Examples of recent attempts to alter the Constitution Cartoon analysis - task Advantages of the Amendment system Disadvantages of the Amendment system Learning Objective slide check.

Powerpoint lesson looking at the Power of the Purse - US Congress - How a budget is passed. Also includes a handout illustrating how federal budget is passed. What is the power of the purse - inc. link to video Steps in the Federal Budget Process - Overview - Info slide Overview diagram Stage 1 - President presents Budget Proposal to Congress What did Biden ask for at his first budget and the one in December 2022 - Info slide Senate and House Budget Resolutions Stage 3 - Appropriation Committees Stage 4 - Conference Committee Stage 5 - President signs What is a shutdown…When have there been shutdowns and how was the last one in December 2022 avoided Focus on what happened in the shutdown of January 2018 - Inc link to video