223 Slides on Externalities and Market Failure: Market Mechanism Free Market Why markets fail Meaning of Market Failure Externalities – Defining Externality Private and Social Costs Private and Social Benefits The Problem Created by Externalities Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) Spillover Effect Merit Goods, Demerit Goods, and Information Failure Value-Free Economics Moral Hazard Adverse Selection Public Goods Quasi-Public Goods Private Goods Excludable vs. Non-excludable Goods Rival vs. Non-rival Goods Government Intervention Regulation Price Controls and Price stabilization

76 page Economics AS Revision Guide: Contents: EXAM TIPS: READ THIS When do you need to evaluate / How to evaluate Useful words for evaluation / The nature and purpose of economic activity Factors of production / Free and economic goods Profit / Example: Production Possibility Frontier / Opportunity Cost Opportunity cost and the PPF / Positive and Normative statements Examples of positive statements / Examples of normative statements: Demand and Supply / The Supply Curve Factors affecting supply / Demand curve / Factors affecting demand Price equilibrium / Composite demand / Joint demand / Joint supply Derived demand / Price mechanism / Price elasticity of demand Factors affecting PED / Elasticity of demand and total revenue Income elasticity of demand / Normal and luxury goods Inferior goods / Cross elasticity of demand / Complements Substitutes / Price elasticity of supply / Factors affecting PES Specialisation, division of labour and exchange / Benefits from specialisation Division of labour / The role of money / Economies of scale Internal economies of scale / External economies of scale Diseconomies of scale / Production, productivity and productive efficiency Labour productivity / Productive efficiency Market failure / Public goods / Quasi-Public goods Public goods and the valuation problem / Private goods Externalities / Negative externalities / Evaluation The disadvantages of using taxation to correct externalities The benefits of taxation / Taxation diagrams The use of tradable permits to tackle pollution Evaluation of permits / Other measures the government can use besides permits Positive externalities / Evaluation The disadvantages of using subsidies / Advantages of using a subsidy Subsidies diagram / Market failure and inequality Merit and demerit goods / Demerit goods Labour immobility and market failure / Occupational immobility Policies to improve occupational immobility: Geographical immobility / Policies to improve geographical mobility: Evaluation of policies to reduce immobility / Monopoly and market failure Evaluation of monopolies / Why do monopolies exist? Evaluation of monopolies - Advantages / Buffer stock schemes Advantages of using a buffer stock scheme / Evaluation of buffer stock schemes Minimum price / Evaluation of minimum price Maximum price / Advantages of maximum price Evaluation of maximum price Government intervention – Methods, benefits and drawbacks Government failure Why does government failure occur? Examples of government failure?

Business Studies revision guide for GCSE. Can be made available to students via VLE, useful resource for pre-exam revision. The resource is designed to help aid students' revise for business topics studied at GCSE level. MARKETING -Market research -Product trial and repeat purchase -Product life cycle -Boston Matrix -Branding and differentiation -Building a successful marketing mix OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT -Design and research development -Manage stock and quality -Cost-effective operations and competitiveness -Effective customer Service -Meeting consumer protection laws FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND FINANCIAL DECISION -How to improve cash flow -How to improve profit -Break-even charts and break-even analysis -Financial growth PEOPLE IN BUSINESS -Organisational structure -Motivational theory-Communication -Remuneration EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON BUSINESS ACTIVITY -Ethics in business -Environmental issues -Economic issues affecting international trade -The impact of government and the EU (Edit document as you please, e.g. include your teacher's names, school name, logo)

Business Growth Business objectives Other objectives Stakeholders Legal structures Marketing Mix – Product Marketing Mix – Price Marketing Mix – Place Marketing mix – Promotion Sources of finance Profit and loss account Balance sheet Ratio Analysis Organisational Structure Recruitment and retention Training Staff appraisal/Performance review Motivation Operations management – Flow Production Lean production (Just in Time production) Advantages and disadvantages of business growth Quality control

59 Pages of AS Business Studies revision material tailored to the Cambridge International Examinations Specification. Business and its environment People in organisations Marketing Operations and project management Finance and accounting Learning content: www.bized.co.uk www.businesscasestudies.co.uk www.businessstudiesonline.co.uk www.dineshbakshi.com www.learningcurve.org.uk www.s-cool.co.uk www.tutor2u.net Newspapers and magazines: www.bbc.co.uk/news/business www.business-ethics.com www.economictimes.indiatimes.com www.economist.com www.forbes.com www.theguardian.com www.hbsp.harvard.edu www.ies.ncsu.edu/news-center www.smallbusiness.chron.com www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry www.thinkchangepakistan.wordpress.com General business sites: www.acas.org.uk www.amcham.com.my www.businessballs.com www.campdenfb.com www.change-management.com www.cim.co.uk www.gov.uk www.mckinsey.com/insights www.mindtools.com www.prince2.com www.shell-livewire.org www.socialenterprisebuzz.com www.socialenterprise.org.uk www.young-enterprise.org.uk

92 page A2 Economics Revision Guide: Costs of production Marginal and average costs / Law of diminishing marginal returns Cost curve / The long run / Returns to scale / The long run cost curve Economies of scale / External economies of scale / Minimum efficient scale Diseconomies of scale / Revenue / Revenue curves Formulas for calculating costs and revenues / Profit maximisation Sales revenue maximisation / Sales volume maximisation The divorce of ownership and control / Evaluation of business objectives Market structures / Perfect competition Diagrams for perfect competition / Long run equilibrium – From supernormal profit to normal profit / From loss to normal profit Productive and allocative efficiency on a diagram / The demand and supply curve The shutdown point / Consumer surplus Monopoly / Origins/source of monopoly power Evaluation of monopolies / Diagram for a monopoly firm Comparison with perfect competition / The deadweight welfare loss diagram Natural monopolies / Exploitation under natural monopoly Evaluation of natural monopolies / Price discrimination First degree price discrimination / Second degree price discrimination Third degree price discrimination / Evaluation of price discrimination Oligopoly / The kinked demand curve (interdependence – 1) / Collusion Evaluation - Why do cartels fail? / Evaluation of cartels Contestable markets / Privatisation and deregulation Arguments for PPP / Arguments against PPP / Evaluation of privatisation Evaluation of deregulation / Internal markets / Competition policy Evaluation of competition policy / Industry regulators Price regulation / Market failure Environmental market failure / Methods of government intervention Regulation and legislation / Taxation / Emissions trading Property rights / Positive externalities – AS recap / Merit goods – AS recap Demerit goods – AS recap / Public goods – AS recap / Government failure Why does government failure occur? / Examples of government failure? The Labour market / Marginal Revenue Productivity Theory Elasticity of demand for labour / Supply of labour / Elasticity of supply for labour Backward bending labour supply curve / Imperfections in the real world Trade Unions / Monopsony / Evaluation of unions / Discrimination in the labour market Income wealth and poverty / The Lorenz curve Policies to tackle inequality and the uneven distribution of income and wealth Absolute poverty / Relative poverty / The poverty trap Evaluation / Horizontal and vertical equity / Cost Benefit Analysis Evaluation / Market structures – Overview

Learning Objectives: To understand the concept of Globalisation with reference to Multinationals. To describe and explain what are Multinational companies. Complete lesson with PowerPoint, Worksheet and Handouts - plenty for debates, discussion and Q&A .

Learning Objectives: To understand how business activity can affect the environment and the concept of externalities. To understand what sustainable development means and how businesses can contribute to this. To understand the increasing concern for the environment and pressure groups. Main Task is a Trade off Challenge - interesting and engaging.

A complete lesson on interest rates: * To understand what interest rates is. * To recognise and explain how interest rates can impact on businesses and consumers. How does the change in interest rates impact on consumers, savers, borrowers, homeowners and businesses?

39 Slides - Q&A - thought provoking. Externalities - definition. Positive externalities Are there any positive externalities derived from beekeeping? What are the positive externalities associated with planting an attractive garden in front of a house? What are the positive externalities associated with more and more people buying a mobile phone? What are the positive externalities associated with education? How could you measure the positive externalities of education? Negative externalities Why do fishermen fish? How could you measure the negative externalities of fishing? What are the negative externalities associated with smoking?

68 page AS Economics Revision Guide: Contents: Circular flow of income The objectives of the government Economic growth Unemployment How does the government measure unemployment? Costs to the economy from unemployment: Inflation Costs of inflation Causes of inflation RPI and CPI Deflation Exchange rates Evaluation points for exchange rates Balance of payments Why does the UK run a deficit on the balance of payments? Evaluation points Fiscal and monetary policy Evaluation of fiscal policy Interest rates Evaluation of interest rates The Economic Cycle Trend rate of growth Shifts in the aggregate demand curve The multiplier effect Evaluation of the multiplier The accelerator effect The Short Run Aggregate Supply Curve The Sticky Wage Theory The sticky price theory What shifts the SRAS curve? The distinction between short run and long run The Long Run Aggregate Supply Curve The output gap Supply side policies Evaluation of supply side policies Exam technique Common mistakes in exams Evaluation tips Examples of evaluation Weak Evaluation and Strong Evaluation Example of Developed Evaluation Essay plans Labour productivity Essay plans Savings

Complete PowerPoint Lesson(s) on: 68 slides on Demand & Supply - just open and teach! Ready to go with comprehensive notes and simplified diagrams Tailored to the CIE spec, but can be used for any spec.

The A Level topics covered in this section are:   Economic growth, economic development and sustainability National income statistics Classification of countries Employment/unemployment The circular flow of income Money supply (theory) Keynesian and Monetarist schools The demand for money and interest rate determination Policies towards developing economies; policies of trade and aid

The ECONOMIC stages that the UK goes through is referred to as the Business Cycle. Stages of the Business Cycle with Multiple-Choice Questions.

This is a introductory lesson - you can edit it as you wish. Why study economics? What is the economic problem? What skills do you need? What careers can you get? It has a 500 word essay on the economic problem to get students econ brains sizzling!