Unit Y113 - Detailed Notes on British Period Study: Britain 1951–1997 Including: Reasons for the Conservative victory 1951; social changes, immigration, unrest, social mobility and tensions, education, living standards, housing, prosperity and unemployment; Conservative economic policies, Butskellism, industrial growth and stagflation; Conservative leadership of Churchill, Eden, Macmillan and Home; scandals including the Vassall affair, Philby, Argyll and Profumo; reasons for Conservative decline; Labour leadership, divisions and electoral failures of the Labour Party, Labour victory 1964, Wilson as leader 1964–1970; economic problems and policies; relations with the Trade Unions; Labour party divisions; 1970 election, Heath as party leader and Prime Minister; aims and policies of Heath’s government; industrial relations, miners’ strike; Wilson and Callaghan 1974–1979, problems and policies 1974–1979. Election victories; Thatcher and her ministers; reasons for support and opposition; social and economic policies including monetarism, free-market, supply-side economics and privatisation; social policies and unrest; unemployment and the Trade Unions, the Miners’ Strike; fall of Thatcher and replacement with Major; Conservative divisions under Major and electoral defeat 1997. 97 Relations with and policies towards the USA and the USSR; Britain’s influence at the UN; role in Europe; nuclear policy; response to crises: Korean War, Suez, the Falklands War, First Gulf War; decolonisation and changing attitudes to the Commonwealth.

Unit Y215 Notes covering Italy 1789–1847 Italy in 1789: The impact of the French Revolution; Napoleonic Italy; Italy and the impact of the Vienna Settlement; unrest and nationalism; the Carbonari; the revolutions of 1820–1821 and 1831; the influence of intellectuals and nationalist movements, including Young Italy and different attitudes to unification; extent of support for nationalism. The Revolutions of 1848–1849 and their aftermath: Revolutions in Lombardy, Piedmont, Naples, Venice and Rome; role of Pope Pius IX and Charles Albert; the role of revolutionary leaders including Garibaldi and Mazzini; the reasons for the failure of nationalist and liberal protests; the results of the revolutions; the developments in Piedmont under Cavour and Victor Emmanuel II. The Risorgimento and the establishment of a new Kingdom of Italy 1850–1861: The diplomacy of Cavour and his relations with Napoleon III; causes and results of the war of 1859; Garibaldi and the Thousand and the expedition to Sicily; the role of Victor Emmanuel II, Cavour and the enlargement of Piedmont; the constitution and nature of the Kingdom of Italy. Italy 1861–1896: Piedmontisation 1861–1870; further attempts at unification; Brigands’ War and the policies of the new Italy; the impact of Prussia’s wars against Austria and France 1866–1871 on Italy; the degree of unity in 1871; social and economic problems; the Mezzogiorno; relations with the Church; the policies of Trasformismo; Italy’s relations with the other European powers; colonial expansion.