Describes the basic structure of an amino acid (structures of specific amino acids are not required) and the formation of polypeptides and proteins (as amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds in condensation reactions); the significance of a protein’s primary structure in determining its three-dimensional structure and properties (globular and fibrous proteins and types of bonds involved in three-dimensional structure).

How water is an important solvent for transport due to its dipole nature and formation of hydrogen bonds. How water has a high heat capacity.

Different functions of lipids. Forming and breaking ester bonds in triglycerides . Differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and how different structures of fatty acids affect their properties. Includes some past paper examples.

Introduction to organic chemistry. Differences in structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides and plysaccharides. Forming and breaking glycosidic bonds using hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Differences between amylose and amylopectin.

Differences between relative and perceived risk, shows how correlation does not mean causation, the value of using longitudinal or twin studies in epidemiology. Proper study design including differences between validity and reliability.

BMI and WHO calculations, LDLs and HDLs, and how antioxidants protect against CVDs

The progression of atherosclerosis and details of risk factors for CVDs.

The role of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The oxygen dissociation curve and the Bohr Effect. Material tailored to the IAL specification and past mark schemes. Includes pat paper questions.

Structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries. Including in-class matching activities. Matches specification and requirements from past paper questions.

Characteristics for the mammalian circulatory system, structure of valves, and cardiac cycle. PPT Includes past paper questions.

Table to fill in where students can organise the treatment options for CVDs, using the textbook.