At the beginning of the 20th century, experimental evidence suggested that atomic particles were wave-like in nature or better still, electromagnetic radiation had a particulate nature. 4 years after Max Planck’s brilliant idea, Albert Einstein developed the theory of quantized energy to explain all the observations seen in Photoelectric emission. According to him, light radiation consists of a stream of energy packets called photons…

Piezoelectricity or the piezoelectric effect was discovered in the 18th century by two brothers demonstrating the use of crystals of quartz, topaz, tourmaline and sugar cane in charge center mechanics resulting in the generation of an electric field which can either be reversed thus leading to piezoelectricity. This finding becomes interesting when an alternating voltage is applied across electrodes causing the crystals to vibrate with a frequency equal to that of the applied voltage. These vibrations are likely to have small amplitudes which can be maximized with a transducer thus generating ultrasound which is the heart of medical physics.