B1: Thermal energy transfer

Students should understand:
• molecular theory in solids, liquids and gases
•density ρ as given by ρ = m/V
• that Kelvin and Celsius scales are used to express temperature
• that the change in temperature of a system is the same when expressed with the Kelvin or Celsius scales
that Kelvin temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles as given by Ek =3/2kBT
• that the internal energy of a system is the total intermolecular potential energy arising from the forces between the molecules plus the total random kinetic energy of the molecules arising from their random motion
• that temperature difference determines the direction of the resultant thermal energy transfer between bodies
• that a phase change represents a change in particle behaviour arising from a change in energy at constant temperature
• quantitative analysis of thermal energy transfers Q with the use of specific heat capacity c and specific latent heat of fusion and vaporization of substances L as given by Q = mcΔT and Q = mL
• that conduction, convection and thermal radiation are the primary mechanisms for thermal energy transfer
• conduction in terms of the difference in the kinetic energy of particles