Mutations

This 50–60 minute KS3/KS4 Biology lesson introduces genetic mutations and their effects on DNA, proteins, and phenotype in a clear, structured, and engaging way. Designed for mainstream secondary science, this lesson supports both KS3 genetics and GCSE Biology / Combined Science revision or intervention.

Lesson Structure:
Starter – Human Genome Project: Students explore the purpose of the Human Genome Project and discuss why understanding DNA is important in healthcare and disease research.

Career Link – Genetic Counsellor

Retrieval – Genetics Recap: Students revisit prior learning by matching key genetics vocabulary including: DNA, genotype, phenotype, variation, alleles

Explicit Teaching – What are Mutations? Students learn: Mutations are changes in the base sequence of DNA, Mutations can occur naturally during cell division and repair, Environmental factors (e.g. UV radiation) can also cause mutations

DNA, Genes & Proteins - Students explore: the relationship between DNA, genes, and proteins, why accurate protein production is important, how mutations may alter protein structure and function

Mutation Types: Students are introduced to Substitution, Insertion, Deletion
Duplication, Nonsense mutations,

Mini Whiteboard CFUs - Students identify mutation types from DNA sequence examples, allowing regular checking for understanding throughout.

Independent Task - Students apply their knowledge by identifying mutation types, completing definitions, and interpreting mutation examples.

Plenary – Reflection: Students consolidate learning through a structured 3-2-1 reflection task.

Includes:
Fully resourced PowerPoint
Independent worksheet tasks, printed from slides 1 and 2
Answer slides included
Mini-whiteboard checking for understanding
GCSE-relevant genetics content
Career link to genetics healthcare professions

Perfect for KS3 genetics, GCSE Biology, Combined Science, revision, intervention, and cover lessons.