A comprehensive and fully resourced lesson on magnets and electromagnets plus an enjoyable yet challenging dominoes game. What’s Covered Magnetic materials can be made into magnets. Iron, cobalt and nickel and their alloys are magnetic materials. Unlike poles attract and like pole repel. There is an invisible magnetic field around a magnet made up of field lines. Draw the field lines around a bar magnet. The closer together the field lines the stronger the magnetic field. Draw the field lines around two bar magnets with like and unlike poles facing. There are more field lines around the poles where the magnetic field is strongest. The magnetic field strength gets less as distance from the magnet increases. Field lines point away from the south pole and towards the north pole of a magnet. When a magnetic material is made into a magnet, the randomly facing domains all line up to point in the same direction. The Earth acts as though there as a south-type pole at magnetic north and a north-type pole at magnetic south. Explain how an electric bell, a circuit breaker and a relay work What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Game 90 dominos Animated PowerPoint explaining the rules and how to play. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson on permanent magnets and electromagnets plus an innovative, enjoyable and challenging escape room lesson. Students have to work their way through the clues to find the code to a combination lock on the school infirmary in which the school nurse has been accidentally locked What’s Covered Magnetic materials can be made into magnets. Iron, cobalt and nickel and their alloys are magnetic materials. Unlike poles attract and like pole repel. There is an invisible magnetic field around a magnet made up of field lines. Draw the field lines around a bar magnet. The closer together the field lines the stronger the magnetic field. Draw the field lines around two bar magnets with like and unlike poles facing. There are more field lines around the poles where the magnetic field is strongest. The magnetic field strength gets less as distance from the magnet increases. Field lines point away from the south pole and towards the north pole of a magnet. When a magnetic material is made into a magnet, the randomly facing domains all line up to point in the same direction. The Earth acts as though there as a south-type pole at magnetic north and a north-type pole at magnetic south. Explain how an electric bell, a circuit breaker and a relay work What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Escape Room PowerPoint – scene setting and instructions (sound effects and built-in timer); crossword word search dominoes activity worksheet code breaker sheet answers lesson plan. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive and fully resourced lesson on food, nutrition and food tests plus an enjoyable yet challenging find the pair game. What’s Covered Carbohydrates provide energy Proteins needed for growth and repair Lipids (fats) provide energy and insulation Minerals needed for a healthy body – examples iron for red blood cells and calcium for teeth and bones Vitamins – enable body to use other nutrients more efficiently – examples Vit A for eyesight, Vit C prevents scurvy, Vit K for blood clotting Roughage (fiber) moves food through the gut. Why roughage helps prevent bowel cancer explained. Importance of water in the diet. Examples of foods containing the five nutrients and roughage. Excess carbohydrates and fats are laid down under the skin. A balanced diet explained. Energy in food and energy needed for activity are measured in kilojoules (kj). Working out the energy in a meal. Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Game 42 question and answer cards Teacher’s answer sheet. Instruction sheet More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive and fully resourced lesson on food groups, nutrition and food tests for middle school plus an enjoyable yet challenging dominoes game which students can either match or answer the question. What’s Covered Carbohydrates provide energy Proteins needed for growth and repair Lipids (fats) provide energy and insulation Minerals needed for a healthy body – examples iron for red blood cells and calcium for teeth and bones Vitamins – enable body to use other nutrients more efficiently – examples Vit A for eyesight, Vit C prevents scurvy, Vit K for blood clotting Roughage (fiber) moves food through the gut. Why roughage helps prevent bowel cancer explained. Importance of water in the diet. Examples of foods containing the five nutrients and roughage. Excess carbohydrates and fats are laid down under the skin. A balanced diet explained. Energy in food and energy needed for activity are measured in kilojoules (kj). Working out the energy in a meal. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Game 90 dominos Animated PowerPoint explaining the rules and how to play. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson on food, nutrition and food tests plus an innovative, enjoyable and challenging smart board bingo game. Students have to work their way through the clues to find the code to a combination lock on the school tool store in which the school handyman has been accidentally locked What’s Covered Carbohydrates provide energy Proteins needed for growth and repair Lipids (fats) provide energy and insulation Minerals needed for a healthy body – examples iron for red blood cells and calcium for teeth and bones Vitamins – enable body to use other nutrients more efficiently – examples Vit A for eyesight, Vit C prevents scurvy, Vit K for blood clotting Roughage (fiber) moves food through the gut. Why roughage helps prevent bowel cancer explained. Importance of water in the diet. Examples of foods containing the five nutrients and roughage. Excess carbohydrates and fats are laid down under the skin. A balanced diet explained. Energy in food and energy needed for activity are measured in kilojoules (kj). Working out the energy in a meal. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Smart Board Bingo Random question generator for smart board (interactive white board) – 50 questions Answer PowerPoint plus answer sheet 48 bingo cards Answers PowerPoint More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson on food groups, nutrition and food tests plus an innovative, enjoyable and challenging escape room lesson. Students have to work their way through the clues to find the code to a combination lock on the school tool store in which the school handyman has been accidentally locked What’s Covered Carbohydrates provide energy Proteins needed for growth and repair Lipids (fats) provide energy and insulation Minerals needed for a healthy body – examples iron for red blood cells and calcium for teeth and bones Vitamins – enable body to use other nutrients more efficiently – examples Vit A for eyesight, Vit C prevents scurvy, Vit K for blood clotting Roughage (fiber) moves food through the gut. Why roughage helps prevent bowel cancer explained. Importance of water in the diet. Examples of foods containing the five nutrients and roughage. Excess carbohydrates and fats are laid down under the skin. A balanced diet explained. Energy in food and energy needed for activity are measured in kilojoules (kj). Working out the energy in a meal. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Escape Room PowerPoint – scene setting and instructions (sound effects and built-in timer) crossword word search dominoes activity worksheet code breaker sheet answers lesson plan. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive and enjoyable fully resourced lesson on food groups, nutrition and food tests for middle school plus a compendium of seven enjoyable and challenging games on suitable for all abilities. Each game is fully resourced, comes with full instructions and is easy to run. The versatile games pack can be used to enhance a lesson, for revision or for cover lessons, even when taken by a non-specialist as most come with answers. It is also the ideal end of term/year pack. What’s Covered Carbohydrates provide energy Proteins needed for growth and repair Lipids (fats) provide energy and insulation Minerals needed for a healthy body – examples iron for red blood cells and calcium for teeth and bones Vitamins – enable body to use other nutrients more efficiently – examples Vit A for eyesight, Vit C prevents scurvy, Vit K for blood clotting Roughage (fiber) moves food through the gut. Why roughage helps prevent bowel cancer explained. Importance of water in the diet. Examples of foods containing the five nutrients and roughage. Excess carbohydrates and fats are laid down under the skin. A balanced diet explained. Energy in food and energy needed for activity are measured in kilojoules (kj). Working out the energy in a meal. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Games Included Find the Pair Team Game Dominoes 42 Question Board Game Save the School Nurse Escape Room Smart Board Bingo Wildcard & Snap More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson for middle school on food groups, nutrition and food tests plus a pack of cards for enjoyable and challenging games of wildcard or snap. What’s Covered Carbohydrates provide energy Proteins needed for growth and repair Lipids (fats) provide energy and insulation Minerals needed for a healthy body – examples iron for red blood cells and calcium for teeth and bones Vitamins – enable body to use other nutrients more efficiently – examples Vit A for eyesight, Vit C prevents scurvy, Vit K for blood clotting Roughage (fiber) moves food through the gut. Why roughage helps prevent bowel cancer explained. Importance of water in the diet. Examples of foods containing the five nutrients and roughage. Excess carbohydrates and fats are laid down under the skin. A balanced diet explained. Energy in food and energy needed for activity are measured in kilojoules (kj). Working out the energy in a meal. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources ** Game** 78 playing cards Animated PowerPoint with instructions for playing wildcard and snap More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson for middle school on food groups, nutrition and food tests plus an enjoyable and challenging board game for up to six players a set. What’s Covered Carbohydrates provide energy Proteins needed for growth and repair Lipids (fats) provide energy and insulation Minerals needed for a healthy body – examples iron for red blood cells and calcium for teeth and bones Vitamins – enable body to use other nutrients more efficiently – examples Vit A for eyesight, Vit C prevents scurvy, Vit K for blood clotting Roughage (fiber) moves food through the gut. Why roughage helps prevent bowel cancer explained. Importance of water in the diet. Examples of foods containing the five nutrients and roughage. Excess carbohydrates and fats are laid down under the skin. A balanced diet explained. Energy in food and energy needed for activity are measured in kilojoules (kj). Working out the energy in a meal. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Board Game Game board 42 Question cards with questions of varying difficulty Teacher answer sheet Instruction sheet. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive and enjoyable fully resourced lesson on breathing and the respiratory system plus a compendium of seven enjoyable and challenging games on suitable for all abilities. Each game is fully resourced, comes with full instructions and is easy to run. This versatile games pack can be used to enhance a lesson, for revision or for cover lessons, even when taken by a non-specialist as most come with answers. It is also the ideal end of term/year pack. What’s Covered Breathing is movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose. Breathing provides the oxygen for aerobic respiration and gets rid of waste carbon dioxide. Label the trachea, right bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, intercostal muscle, rib, diaphragm. Label a diagram of an alveolus and show the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Experiment using limewater to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. Compare the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in inhaled and exhaled air. Mechanism of breathing. Changes in volume and pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation. Evaluate a model of the mechanism of breathing. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Games Included Find the Pair Team Game Dominoes 42 Question Board Game Save the School Nurse Escape Room Smart Board Bingo Wildcard & Snap More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson on breathing and the respiratory system plus an innovative, enjoyable and challenging escape room lesson. Students have to work their way through the clues to find the code to a combination lock on the school tool store in which the school handyman has been accidentally locked What’s Covered Breathing is movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose. Breathing provides the oxygen for aerobic respiration and gets rid of waste carbon dioxide. Label the trachea, right bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, intercostal muscle, rib, diaphragm. Label a diagram of an alveolus and show the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Experiment using limewater to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. Compare the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in inhaled and exhaled air. Mechanism of breathing. Changes in volume and pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation. Evaluate a model of the mechanism of breathing. Design an investigation into how breathing rate varies with exercise. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Escape Room PowerPoint – scene setting and instructions (sound effects and built-in timer) crossword word search dominoes activity worksheet code breaker sheet answers lesson plan. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive and fully resourced lesson on breathing and the respiratory system plus an enjoyable yet challenging find the pair game. What’s Covered Breathing is movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose. Breathing provides the oxygen for aerobic respiration and gets rid of waste carbon dioxide. Label the trachea, right bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, intercostal muscle, rib, diaphragm. Label a diagram of an alveolus and show the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Experiment using limewater to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. Compare the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in inhaled and exhaled air. Mechanism of breathing. Changes in volume and pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation. Evaluate a model of the mechanism of breathing. Design an investigation into how breathing rate varies with exercise. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Game 42 question and answer cards Teacher’s answer sheet. Instruction sheet More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson on breathing and the respiratory system plus an innovative, enjoyable and challenging smart board bingo game. Students have to work their way through the clues to find the code to a combination lock on the school tool store in which the school handyman has been accidentally locked Prior Knowledge Required Breathing is movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose. Breathing provides the oxygen for aerobic respiration and gets rid of waste carbon dioxide. Label the trachea, right bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, intercostal muscle, rib, diaphragm. Label a diagram of an alveolus and show the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Experiment using limewater to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. Compare the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in inhaled and exhaled air. Mechanism of breathing. Changes in volume and pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation. Evaluate a model of the mechanism of breathing. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Smart Board Bingo Random question generator for smart board (interactive white board) – 50 questions Answer PowerPoint plus answer sheet 48 bingo cards Answers PowerPoint

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson for middle school on breathing and the respiratory system plus a pack of cards for enjoyable and challenging games of wildcard or snap. Prior Knowledge Required Breathing is movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose. Breathing provides the oxygen for aerobic respiration and gets rid of waste carbon dioxide. Label the trachea, right bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, intercostal muscle, rib, diaphragm. Label a diagram of an alveolus and show the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Experiment using limewater to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. Compare the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in inhaled and exhaled air. Mechanism of breathing. Changes in volume and pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation. Evaluate a model of the mechanism of breathing. Design an investigation into how breathing rate varies with exercise. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Board Game 66 playing cards Animated PowerPoint with instructions for playing wildcard and snap More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive and fully resourced lesson on breathing and the respiratory system for middle school plus an enjoyable yet challenging dominoes game which students can either match or answer the question. What’s Covered Breathing is movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose. Breathing provides the oxygen for aerobic respiration and gets rid of waste carbon dioxide. Label the trachea, right bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, intercostal muscle, rib, diaphragm. Label a diagram of an alveolus and show the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Experiment using limewater to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. Compare the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in inhaled and exhaled air. Mechanism of breathing. Changes in volume and pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation. Evaluate a model of the mechanism of breathing. Design an investigation into how breathing rate varies with exercise. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Game 90 dominos Animated PowerPoint explaining the rules and how to play. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive, fully resourced lesson for middle school on breathing and the respiratory system plus an enjoyable and challenging board game for up to six players a set. What’s Covered Breathing is movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose. Breathing provides the oxygen for aerobic respiration and gets rid of waste carbon dioxide. Label the trachea, right bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, intercostal muscle, rib, diaphragm. Label a diagram of an alveolus and show the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Experiment using limewater to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. Compare the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in inhaled and exhaled air. Mechanism of breathing. Changes in volume and pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation. Evaluate a model of the mechanism of breathing. Design an investigation into how breathing rate varies with exercise. What’s Included Lesson Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Answer/mark scheme PowerPoint Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework plus answers Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources Board Game Game board 42 Question cards with questions of varying difficulty Teacher answer sheet Instruction sheet. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

The two packs in this resource allow the same lesson to be taught to students whether they are in a classroom or distance learning at home. It facilitates blended learning and provides equality of opportunity for vulnerable students who are unable to attend school due to Covid-19. The classroom resource consists of an animated 44 slide PowerPoint and 15 varied and exciting printables including a foldable, cut-and-stick and progress check. The one-page flowchart lesson plan shows where choices can be made between the printables so that the teacher can select the activities to suit the exact needs of their class. The distance learning pack consists of a 75 slide animated PowerPoint which, not only teaches the science but also how to gain maximum benefit from distance learning. The PowerPoint has been designed to replace the teacher by providing structure, sequence, knowledge and answers. Additional worksheets, cut-outs, foldable and progress check provide a familiar medium for students to develop and test their knowledge, continue to develop their literacy skills and use their creativity to organise their learning and assess their progress. These can be printed off by the student or provided by school. There is also a short digital test/homework which can be returned to the teacher. A shortened photocopiable PDF of the PowerPoint is provided to circulate to those pupils without computers. What’s Covered Breathing is movement of air in and out of the lungs. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose. Breathing provides the oxygen for aerobic respiration and gets rid of waste carbon dioxide. Label the trachea, right bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus, intercostal muscle, rib, diaphragm. Label a diagram of an alveolus and show the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Experiment using limewater to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air. Compare the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in inhaled and exhaled air. Mechanism of breathing. Changes in volume and pressure inside the chest during inhalation and exhalation. Evaluate a model of the mechanism of breathing. Design an investigation into how breathing rate varies with exercise. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources