Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (432) 5 Global expansion and uncertainty a) The impact on businesses of movements in exchange rates. b) Skill shortages and their impact on international competitiveness. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (433) 3 Cultural/social factors a) Considerations for businesses: • cultural differences • different tastes and preferences • language and unintended meanings • inappropriate branding and promotion. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (433) 2 Niche markets a) Cultural diversity: recognition that groups of people across the globe have different interests and values. b) Features of global niche markets. c) Application and adaptation of the marketing mix (4Ps) to suit global niches. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (434) 1 The impact of MNCs a) Impact of MNCs on the local economy: • local labour, wages, working conditions and job creation • local businesses • the local community and environment. b) Impact of MNCs on the national economy: • economic growth • FDI flows • balance of payments • technology and skills transfer • consumers • business culture • tax revenues. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AQA GCSE Business 3.1.5 Business Location This lesson includes a PowerPoint and worksheet which covers these topics: Students should be able to understand the factors that influence where a business is located, including: proximity to the market availability of raw materials labour competition and costs

AQA GCSE Business 3.1.7 Expanding a business This lesson includes a worksheet and PowerPoint which cover the following topics: Students should be able to: discuss the advantages and disadvantages of methods of growth understand the methods used by businesses when expanding understand the benefits of growth understand the meaning of purchasing and technical economies of scale understand that with growth businesses increase the risk of diseconomies of scale occurring calculate and interpret average unit costs

1.1.1 The market a) Mass markets and niche markets: o characteristics o market size and market share o brands b) Dynamic markets: o online retailing o how markets change o innovation and market growth o adapting to change c) How competition affects the market d) The difference between risk and uncertainty 1.1.2 Market research a) Product and market orientation b) Primary and secondary market research data (quantitative and qualitative) used to: o identify and anticipate customer needs and wants o quantify likely demand o gain insight into consumer behaviour c) Limitations of market research, sample size and bias d) Use of ICT to support market research: o websites o social networking o databases e) Market segmentation 1.1.3 Market positioning a) Market mapping b) Competitive advantage of a product or service c) The purpose of product differentiation

a) The effect on businesses of changes in: o inflation (the rate of inflation, the Consumer Prices Index) o exchange rates (appreciation, depreciation) o interest rates o taxation and government spending o the business cycle b) The effect of economic uncertainty on the business environment

2.4.1 Production, productivity and efficiency a) Methods of production: o job o batch o flow o cell b) Productivity: o output per unit of input per time period: factors influencing productivity link between productivity and competitiveness c) Efficiency: o production at minimum average cost: factors influencing efficiency distinction between labour and capital intensive production 2.4.2 Capacity utilisation a) Capacity utilisation: o current output (divided by) maximum possible output (x 100) b) Implications of under- and over-utilisation of capacity c) Ways of improving capacity utilisation 2.4.3 Stock control a) Interpretation of stock control diagram b) Buffer stocks c) Implications of poor stock control d) Just in time (JIT) management of stock e) Waste minimisation f) Competitive advantage from lean production 2.4.4 Quality management a) Quality: o control o assurance o circles o Total Quality Management (TQM) b) Continuous improvement (Kaizen) c) Competitive advantage from quality management

Edexcel A Level Business 1.1.1 The Market complete lesson a) Mass markets and niche markets: characteristics market size and market share brands b) Dynamic markets: online retailing how markets change innovation and market growth adapting to change c) How competition affects the market d) The difference between risk and uncertainty

1.3.1 Product/service design a) Design mix: o function o aesthetics o cost b) Changes in the elements of the design mix to reflect social trends: o concern over resource depletion: designing for waste minimisation, re-use and recycling o ethical sourcing 1.3.2 Branding and promotion a) Types of promotion b) Types of branding c) The benefits of strong branding: o added value o ability to charge premium prices o reduced price elasticity of demand d) Ways to build a brand o unique selling points (USPs)/differentiation o advertising o sponsorship o the use of social media e) Changes in branding and promotion to reflect social trends: o viral marketing o social media o emotional branding 1.3.3 Pricing strategies a) Types of pricing strategy: o cost plus (calculating mark-up on unit cost) o price skimming o penetration o predatory o competitive o psychological b) Factors that determine the most appropriate pricing strategy for a particular situation: o number of USPs/amount of differentiation o price elasticity of demand o level of competition in the business environment o strength of brand o stage in the product life cycle o costs and the need to make a profit c) Changes in pricing to reflect social trends: o online sales o price comparison sites 1.3.4 Distribution a) Distribution channels b) Changes in distribution to reflect social trends: o online distribution o changing from product to service 1.3.5 Marketing strategy a) The product life cycle b) Extension strategies: o product o promotion c) Boston Matrix and the product portfolio d) Marketing strategies appropriate for different types of market: o mass markets o niche markets o business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) marketing e) Consumer behaviour – how businesses develop customer loyalty

1.2.1 Demand a) Factors leading to a change in demand: o changes in the prices of substitutes and complementary goods o changes in consumer incomes o fashions, tastes and preferences o advertising and branding o demographics o external shocks o seasonality 1.2.2 Supply a) Factors leading to a change in supply: o changes in the costs of production o introduction of new technology o indirect taxes o government subsidies o external shocks 1.2.3 Markets a) The interaction of supply and demand b) The drawing and interpretation of supply and demand diagrams to show the causes and consequences of price changes 1.2.4 Price elasticity of demand a) Calculation of price elasticity of demand b) Interpretation of numerical values of price elasticity of demand c) The factors influencing price elasticity of demand d) The significance of price elasticity of demand to businesses in terms of implications for pricing e) Calculation and interpretation of the relationship between price elasticity of demand and total revenue 1.2.5 Income elasticity of demand a) Calculation of income elasticity of demand b) Interpretation of numerical values of income elasticity of demand c) The factors influencing income elasticity of demand d) The significance of income elasticity of demand to businesses

1.4.1 Approaches to staffing a) Staff as an asset; staff as a cost b) Flexible workforce: o multi-skilling o part-time and temporary o flexible hours and home working o outsourcing c) Distinction between dismissal and redundancy d) Employer/employee relationships o individual approach o collective bargaining 1.4.2 Recruitment, selection and training a) Recruitment and selection process: o internal versus external recruitment b) Costs of recruitment, selection and training c) Types of training: o induction o on-the-job o off-the-job 1.4.3 Organisational design a) Structure: o hierarchy o chain of command o span of control o centralised and decentralised b) Types of structure: o tall o flat o matrix c) Impact of different organisational structures on business efficiency and motivation 1.4.4 Motivation in theory and practice a) The importance of employee motivation to a business b) Motivation theories: o Taylor (scientific management) o Mayo (human relations theory) o Maslow (hierarchy of needs) o Herzberg (two factor theory) c) Financial incentives to improve employee performance: o piecework o commission o bonus o profit share o performance-related pay d) Non-financial techniques to improve employee performance: o delegation o consultation o empowerment o team working o flexible working o job enrichment o job rotation o job enlargement 1.4.5 Leadership a) Leadership: o the distinction between management and leadership b) Types of leadership style: o autocratic o paternalistic o democratic o laissez-faire

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (431) 1 Growing economies a) Characteristics of developed, developing and emerging economies. b) Growing economic power of countries within Asia, Africa and other parts of the world. c) Implications of economic growth for individuals and businesses: • trade opportunities for businesses • employment patterns. d) Indicators of growth: • gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP per capita • human development index (HDI). Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (331) 1 Corporate objectives a) Development of corporate objectives from mission statement/corporate aims. b) Critical appraisal of mission statements. Written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

OCR GCSE Business 1.1. The role of business enterprise complete lesson Includes a PowerPoint and a Worksheet on: The purpose of business activity and enterprise Spotting an opportunity, developing an idea for a business, satisfying the needs of customers Characteristics of an entrepreneur Creativity, risk taking, determination and confidence The concept of risk and reward Written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

A Series of blank forms that I made, useful for all boards and GCSE business and A level Business and BTEC Business. Ideal for scaffolding, uploading to Teams, showing what a good one looks like or just speeding things up not waiting for students to spend an hour drawing all the lines. We are not technical drawing, we are business. Hope these help.

New groups or new to a group? These ice breaker quizzes can be downloaded and you can have ready just in case all the whiteboards or technology lets you down. Ideal for GCSE Business and A level Business and BTEC Business (all levels) I always link it that if they can talk about one brand they can talk about alternatives / substitutes / competitors etc. Hope these help

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Business (iGCSE) 1.7.1 The external factors affecting business decisions: • social • technological • environmental • political. This lesson includes a PPT and worksheet written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

1.8.2 Reasons for business failure: • cash flow problems/lack of finance • not competitive • failure to adapt to changes in the market.