A Level Biology - Respiration

**This Powerpoint specifically uses the Cambridge AS Level Biology Syllabus and covers all criteria for – Unit 12.2 Respiration
**
Students will be able to -

1 State where each of the four stages in aerobic respiration
occurs in eukaryotic cells:
• glycolysis in the cytoplasm
• link reaction in the mitochondrial matrix
• Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix
• oxidative phosphorylation on the inner membrane of
mitochondria
2 outline glycolysis as phosphorylation of glucose and the
subsequent splitting of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (6C) into
two triose phosphate molecules (3C), which are then further
oxidised to pyruvate (3C), with the production of ATP and
reduced NAD
3 explain that, when oxygen is available, pyruvate enters
mitochondria to take part in the link reaction
4 describe the link reaction, including the role of coenzyme A in
the transfer of acetyl (2C) groups
5 outline the Krebs cycle, explaining that oxaloacetate (4C) acts
as an acceptor of the 2C fragment from acetyl coenzyme A to
form citrate (6C), which is converted back to oxaloacetate in a
series of small steps
6 explain that reactions in the Krebs cycle involve
decarboxylation and dehydrogenation and the reduction of
the coenzymes NAD and FAD
7 describe the role of NAD and FAD in transferring hydrogen to
carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane
8 explain that during oxidative phosphorylation:
• hydrogen atoms split into protons and energetic electrons
• energetic electrons release energy as they pass through
the electron transport chain (details of carriers are not
expected)
the released energy is used to transfer protons across the
inner mitochondrial membrane
• protons return to the mitochondrial matrix by facilitated
diffusion through ATP synthase, providing energy for ATP
synthesis (details of ATP synthase are not expected)
• oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor to form water
9 describe the relationship between the structure and function
of mitochondria using diagrams and electron micrographs
10 outline respiration in anaerobic conditions in mammals (lactate
fermentation) and in yeast cells (ethanol fermentation)

**Every Powerpoint includes learning objectives, a starter and plenary, suitable activities and review questions with mark scheme. We also provide a FREE pdf version of the file so it can easily be printed for students as a handout or uploaded to the school VLE system
**
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