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Hi! These are my A-Level notes, essays and resources I used to sit the 2018 summer exams, in AQA Psychology, AQA Economics and AQA English Literature (achieving A*A*A). Hope you find these useful.

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Hi! These are my A-Level notes, essays and resources I used to sit the 2018 summer exams, in AQA Psychology, AQA Economics and AQA English Literature (achieving A*A*A). Hope you find these useful.
AQA Psychology A-level: Research Methods 1
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AQA Psychology A-level: Research Methods 1

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AQA Psychology A-level: Research Methods (part 1) From specification 7181, 7182 - Psychology in context (paper 2) I achieved an A* in Psychology A-level in 2018, across all three papers. I prioritised revision on evaluation, necessary for accessing higher grade! Includes The basis of experiments Variables and control Experimental methods Experimental design Non-experimental methods Sampling techniques Pilot studies, content analysis and ethical issues
AQA Psychology A-level: Research Methods 2
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AQA Psychology A-level: Research Methods 2

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AQA Psychology A-level: Research Methods (part 2) From specification 7181, 7182 - Psychology in context - paper 2 (I achieved an A* in Psychology A-level in 2018, across all three papers. I prioritised revision on evaluation, necessary for accessing higher grade!) Includes Reliability and validity - measuring, improving, evaluation Extraneous variables Data handling - types of data, presentation/display of data, measures of CT, dispersion and standard deviation Probability and significance - statistical and inferential tests, type 1 vs type 2 errors Inferential tests Features of science, writing the scientific report, peer review and evaluation
AQA Economics A-level: Synoptic paper practice questions
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AQA Economics A-level: Synoptic paper practice questions

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AQA Economics A-level: Synoptic (paper 3) preparation questions, specification 7135, 7136 I achieved an A in my Economics a-level in 2018, across all three papers. This document is an example of potential synoptic content, practice exam questions* Based on brazil synoptic: Includes example 10 mark, 15 mark and 25 mark planned essay
A-level English Lit; Tragedy linked to Othello, The Great Gatsby and A Streetcar Named Desire
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A-level English Lit; Tragedy linked to Othello, The Great Gatsby and A Streetcar Named Desire

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AQA English Literature A; Love through the ages (7711, 7712) - I sat my a-level exams in June 2018 and achieved an A grade in English Literature This resource includes a discussion of the theme of tragedy and how it relates to Othello, The Great Gatsby and A Streetcar Named Desire. It considers The traditional Aristotelian tragic hero, and characteristics Gatsby as a tragic hero Othello as a tragic hero Blanche DuBois as a tragic heroine Critical evaluation of Blanche’s heroism
AQA A-Level Psychology: Issues and Debates (A* Notes)
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AQA A-Level Psychology: Issues and Debates (A* Notes)

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AQA Psychology A-level: Issues and Debates From specification 7181, 7182 - Issues and options in Psychology - paper 3 (I achieved an A* in Psychology A-level in 2018, across all three papers. I prioritised revision on evaluation, necessary for accessing higher grade!) Includes: Gender and Culture Bias Free Will and Determinism Nature-Nurture Debate Holism and Reductionism Idiographic and Nomothetic Approach Ethical Implications of Research
Othello Critical Analysis (A-level English Literature)
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Othello Critical Analysis (A-level English Literature)

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Othello AQA English Literature A; Love through the ages (7711, 7712) - I sat my A-levels in June 2018 and achieved an A grade in English Literature Here is a list of scholarly criticisms of Othello, great for using in essays to engage in wider debate (and achieve higher band answers). Includes: Commentary from Godfrey, Leavis, AC Bradley, Samuel Coleridge and various others Critical approaches; post-colonial, new historicist, feminist, marxist Analysis of Othello as a protagonist, themes of justice and revenge, marriage and women etc.
Economic methodology and the economic problem
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Economic methodology and the economic problem

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For AQA Economics A-level (specification 7135, 7136) Specification points: 4.1.1.1 - 4.1.2.4 Includes: Economic methodology - positive and normative statements Economic problem - needs, wants, scarcity etc. Choice and opportunity cost Economic sectors and units Factors of production PPF graphs and explanations of shifts Consumer behaviour - utility theory, rationality, imperfect/asymmetric information Behavioural economic theory and economic policies - choice architecture, framing, nudges etc. Evaluation of behavioural economics
Economics A-level: Market structures
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Economics A-level: Market structures

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AQA Economics A-level (specification 7135, 7136) Includes: Objectives of firms; profit, sales, survival, growth, stakeholders etc. Divorce of ownership from control Allocative, productive and ‘x’ efficiency Growth of firms; internal vs external, horizontal vs vertical vs lateral integration Mergers and takeovers (and evaluation) Perfect competition; conditions, evaluation and price determination Monopolistic competition; assumptions, evaluation, comparison with PC Oligopolistic markets - types of collusion, impact of collusion, evaluation Kinked demand curve Anti-competitiveness, natural/artificial barriers to entry Monopoly power, profit maximisation, barriers to entry, evaluation Analysing efficiency, social burden triangle Price discrimination, conditions and evaluation Contestable markets - conditions, market concentration, impact and determinants Consumer surplus - determinants, price elasticity Producer surplus - determinants Monopsony power and evaluation
A-level Economics: Production and Productivity
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A-level Economics: Production and Productivity

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AQA Economics A-level (specification 7135, 7136) Specification 4.1.4.1 to 4.1.4.8 Includes: Measuring productivity, impact of increased productivity Policies to improve productivity Specialisation and the division of labour - advantages and disadvantages Costs of production Law of diminishing returns, economies of scale, LRAC Revenue and profit - function of profit Technological change, creative destruction Economies and diseconomies of scale (and evaluations) Minimum efficient scale
Economics A-level: Labour market supply and demand
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Economics A-level: Labour market supply and demand

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AQA Economics A-level (specification 7135, 7136) Includes: Determinants of labour demand, marginal productivity theory, elasticity of demand Determinants of labour supply Wage determination in perfect competition, monopsony markets etc. Role of trade unions and impacts on market structures National Minimum Wage, impact and evaluation Discrimination in the labour market - conditions and evaluation
Economics A-level: Income and wealth
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Economics A-level: Income and wealth

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AQA Economics A-level (specification 7135, 7136) Includes: Difference between income and wealth Determinants of income inequality and wealth inequality Measuring inequality - Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient Evaluation of income and wealth inequality UK income and wealth statistics Problem of poverty - relative vs absolute poverty, causes and impact Policies to alleviate poverty and evaluation
Supply and demand in competitive markets
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Supply and demand in competitive markets

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AQA Economics A-level (specification 7135, 7136) Includes: Theory of Demand - downward slope curve, exceptions to law of demand Price elasticity of demand and determinants Income elasticity of demand and determinants Cross elasticity of demand and determinants Theory of Supply Price elasticity of supply and determinants Market equilibrium and disequilibrium
AQA Psychology A-Level: Cognition and Development (A* notes)
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AQA Psychology A-Level: Cognition and Development (A* notes)

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AQA Psychology A-level: Cognition and Development From specification 7181, 7182 - Issues and options in Psychology - paper 3 (I achieved an A* in Psychology A-level in 2018, across all three papers. I prioritised revision on evaluation, necessary for accessing higher grade!) Includes Piaget’s theory of development, schemas, motivation to learn, assimilation/accomodation and evaluation 4 stages of intellectual development and evaluation of studies Vygotsky’s theory of development - language, zone of proximal development, scaffolding and evaluation Baillargeon and infant abilities - violation of expectation research (VOE), physical reasoning and evaluation Selman’s perspective-taking research, stages of perspective taking and evaluation Theory of mind - false belief tasks, eyes tasks, biological basis, role in ASD and evaluation Mirror neuron system - role of mirror neurons, relation to evolution, relation to ASD and evaluation
AQA Economics A-level: Fiscal and supply-side policies
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AQA Economics A-level: Fiscal and supply-side policies

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AQA Economics A-level: Fiscal and supply-side policies, specification 7135, 7136 I achieved an A in Economics A-level in 2018, across all three papers. These notes helped form an understanding of economic theory and a critical evaluation of it* Fiscal policy Expansionary vs deflationary fiscal policy Fiscal stabilisers - automatic vs discretionary UK data for post-recession fiscal policy Impact of fiscal policy on macro objectives and aggregate supply (evaluation) Spending and taxation Reasons for government spending Types of taxation; progressive, proportional and regressive UK data for taxation and evaluation Arguments for and against indirect taxation (evaluation) Budget deficit and national debt Debt vs deficit, types of deficit: cyclical and structural Factors influencing size of budget deficit, benefits and costs of deficit (evaluation) Types of national debt - causes and consequences Supply-side policies Macro impacts of supply-side policies on growth, inflation, employment and trade Free market supply side policies vs interventionist supply side policies Influence of policies on natural rate of unemployment Evaluation of supply side policies
AQA Economics A-level: Financial Markets
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AQA Economics A-level: Financial Markets

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AQA Economics A-level: Financial Markets, specification 7135, 7136 *I achieved an A in my Economics A-level in 2018, across all three papers. These are the notes I used for theory-based learning of the specification Includes: Functions of money and the money supply The role of financial markets - capital vs money, foreign exchange Debt vs equity Market interest rates and bond prices Commercial vs investment banking - objectives of each Central banks and monetary policy - contractionary vs inflationary and evaluation The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) and considerations - evaluation of the MPC The transmission mechanism of monetary policy Bank of England and monetary supply - QE and Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) Regulation of financial markets - PRA, FPC, FCA Why banks fail - moral hazard, liquidity vs capital ratios, systemic risk Implications of intervention, evaluation of regulation
AQA Economics A-Level: Aggregate demand and aggregate supply
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AQA Economics A-Level: Aggregate demand and aggregate supply

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AQA Economics A-level: Aggregate demand and supply, specification 7135, 7136 Aggregate demand, relationship between price and quantity Factors influencing AD Evaluation of consumption, investment, government spending, net exports Marginal propensity to consume, marginal propensity to save, multiplier and accelerator effect Short-run aggregate supply and factors influencing SRAS Long-run aggregate supply and factors influencing LRAS Keynesian AS curve Macroeconomic equilibrium - short run, long run and economic shocks
Economics A-level: Market mechanism, market failure and government intervention
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Economics A-level: Market mechanism, market failure and government intervention

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AQA Economics A-level (specification 7135, 7136) Includes: Types of goods; public, quasi-public and private Allocation of resources - price mechanism; rationing, signaling, incentive, allocative functions Market failure - examples and eliminating failures Merit and demerit goods Positive and negative externalities in production and consumption Imperfect and asymmetric information Monopoly power Immobility of factors of production Government intervention - arguments for and against Methods of intervention; indirect taxes, subsidies, minimum/maximum price, regulation Cont. information provision, pollution permits etc. Supply-side intervention - free market vs interventionist policies (and evaluation) Government failure; causes, examples, overcoming government failure Competition policy; monopolies, mergers, public ownership Privatisation and evaluation Regulation and deregulation
AQA Economics A-level: Economic performance (macro)
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AQA Economics A-level: Economic performance (macro)

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AQ Economics A-level: MACRO Economic performance, specification 7135, 7136 Economic growth Short run vs long run economic growth, determinants of long run economic growth Costs and benefits of economic growth, overall sustainability of growth The economic cycle, trend growth, output gaps and stages Explanations of cycle: multiplier/accelerator cycle, inventory cycle, asset price bubbles, animal spirits, herding etc. Employment Definitions of unemployment rate, participation rate and labour force Measuring unemployment - claimant count vs labour force survey Types of unemployment - cyclical, structural, frictional, classic, voluntary Table of cause of unemployment, impact and supply side policies to overcome Natural rate of unemployment Costs and benefits of unemployment (evaluation) Policies to reduce unemployment - demand side vs supply side (and evaluation) Inflation Measuring inflation with CPI, RPI, PPI Demand-pull inflation vs cost-push inflation, comparison of causes Quantity theory of money Impact of commodity prices/global economy Controlling inflation, demand-side policies vs supply-side policies (and evaluation) Costs and benefits of inflation (evaluation) Deflation vs disinflation - benign vs malevolent deflation Benefits and consequences of deflation Policies to avoid deflation Conflicting macroeconomic objectives Output gaps Phillips curve - short-run vs long-run and implications for policy makers NAIRU explained Overview of potential conflicts arising from economic objectives
Economics A-level: Macroeconomic performance
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Economics A-level: Macroeconomic performance

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AQA Economics A-level: The national and international economy, specification 7135, 7136. Macroeconomic performance Government objectives for economic performance Conflicts in performance - e.g. growth vs inflation Macroeconomic indicators - GDP, GNP, GNI, CPI, RPI National income data and evaluation, purchasing power parity Circular flow of income - leakages, withdrawal and equilibrium
AQA Psychology A-level: Social Influence  (A* notes)
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AQA Psychology A-level: Social Influence (A* notes)

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AQA Psychology A-level: Social Influence From specification 7181, 7182 - Paper 1: Introductory topics in Psychology (I achieved an A* in Psycholology A-level in 2018, across all three papers) Includes a lot of evaluation! - AO3 needed for high marks! Types of conformity - compliance, identification and internalisation Explanations for conformity - normative and informational social influence Factors affecting conformity - group size, unanimity, task difficulty and relevant studies Evaluation of conformity (A03) Conformity to social roles - Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment and evaluation Explanations for obedience - Agentic state and legitimacy of authority Situational variables: proximity, location and uniform Dispositional explanations - the Authoritarian personality and evaluation Resistance to social influence and social change Explanations for resistance - locus of control, social support and evaluation Role of minority influence - commitment, consistency and flexibility principles and evaluation Role of social influence in social change, Civil Rights, snowballing effect