

IB Math HL AHL 1.15 – Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Topic: Number and Algebra
Level: IB Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches (HL)
File Type: Editable Slides / Worksheet
Overview
This resource introduces one of the most important concepts in higher-level linear algebra — eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Students will learn how to define and compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a 2×2 matrix, derive the characteristic polynomial, and apply diagonalization to simplify matrix computations.
The lesson provides both conceptual understanding and step-by-step procedures, bridging abstract linear algebra theory with practical applications such as matrix powers and transformations.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Define eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix.
- Derive and interpret the characteristic polynomial of a 2×2 matrix.
- Compute eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors manually and using technology.
- Perform diagonalization of a 2×2 matrix when eigenvalues are distinct and real.
- Apply eigenvalues and eigenvectors to simplify powers of matrices and analyze linear transformations.
What’s Included
- Definition of eigenvalues and eigenvectors with explanatory notation.
- Step-by-step derivation of the characteristic equation det(M−λI)=0.
- Guided example problem: finding the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors for a given 2×2 matrix.
- Detailed solution sequence showing each algebraic step for computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
- (λI−M)x=0 to find eigenvectors.
- Integration of technology-based methods for verifying eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
- Discussion on diagonalization and its application to powers of matrices.
- Definition of eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
- The characteristic polynomial of a 2×2 matrix.
- Solving for eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
- Diagonalization of matrices with distinct real eigenvalues.
- Applications of diagonalization to powers of matrices.
- Use of technology to confirm eigenvalue calculations.
Why You’ll Love It
- Builds conceptual and procedural mastery of eigenvalue problems.
- Clear, logical progression from definition to application.
- Reinforces connections between algebraic and geometric interpretations of matrices.
- Provides hands-on examples suitable for classroom or independent practice.
- Fully aligned with IB Math HL Topic 1: Number and Algebra and designed for HL-level rigor.
Tags: IB Math HL, Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Characteristic Polynomial, Diagonalization, 2x2 Matrix, Linear Algebra, Number and Algebra, IB Curriculum, Lesson Slides
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