

Topic: Calculus
Level: IB Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches (HL)
File Type: Editable Slides / Lesson Presentation
Overview
This resource introduces the second derivative as a measure of concavity and curvature in calculus.
Students learn how to interpret the second derivative as the rate of change of the first derivative, and how it can be used to distinguish between local maxima, local minima, and points of inflection.
The lesson builds on prior knowledge of differentiation, extending it to analyze the shape and behavior of graphs more deeply through both conceptual explanation and worked examples.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Define the second derivative as the derivative of the first derivative.
- Interpret the second derivative in terms of concavity and curvature.
- Compute second derivatives of functions symbolically.
- Apply the second derivative test to classify critical points.
- Distinguish between local maxima, local minima, inflection points, and saddle points.
- Use sign analysis of ( f’’(x) ) to describe changes in concavity.
What’s Included
- Step-by-step introduction to the concept of taking the derivative of a derivative.
- Visual explanation of concave up and concave down behavior with second derivative sign reasoning.
- Key interpretation guide:
- ( f’’(x) > 0 ): local minimum, concave up
- ( f’’(x) < 0 ): local maximum, concave down
- ( f’’(x) = 0 ): potential inflection or saddle point
- The Second Derivative Test formula and explanation with corresponding conditions.
- Practice problem: finding critical points and applying the second derivative test to classify them.
- Complete worked solutions identifying points of local maxima and minima.
Topics Covered
- Definition and computation of second derivatives.
- Concavity and curvature interpretation.
- Relationship between first and second derivatives.
- Second derivative test for extrema classification.
- Inflection and saddle points.
- Graphical interpretation of sign changes in ( f’’(x) ).
Why You’ll Love It
- Provides intuitive visual and analytical understanding of curvature.
- Reinforces the connection between derivatives and graph behavior.
- Includes clear examples and structured explanations aligned with IB HL expectations.
- Fully aligned with IB Math HL Topic 5: Calculus (Applications and Interpretation HL).
- Perfect for classroom presentation or student-led study.
Tags: IB Math HL, Second Derivative, Concavity, Inflection Points, Extrema, Calculus, IB Curriculum, Lesson Slides
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