AS Level Chemistry - 16.1 Alcohol

**This Powerpoint specifically uses the Cambridge AS Level Chemistry Syllabus (9701) and covers all criteria for – Unit 16.1 Alcohol
**

Students will be able to -

1 recall the reactions (reagents and conditions) by which alcohols can be produced:
(a) electrophilic addition of steam to an alkene, H2O(g) and H3PO4 catalyst
(b) reaction of alkenes with cold dilute acidified potassium manganate(VII) to form a diol
© substitution of a halogenoalkane using NaOH(aq) and heat
(d) reduction of an aldehyde or ketone using NaBH4 or LiAlH4
(e) reduction of a carboxylic acid using LiAlH4
(f) hydrolysis of an ester using dilute acid or dilute alkali and heat

2 describe:
(a) the reaction with oxygen (combustion)
(b) substitution to form halogenoalkanes, e.g. by reaction with HX(g); or with KCl and concentrated
H
2SO4 or concentrated H3PO4; or with PCl 3 and heat; or with PCl 5; or with SOCl 2
© the reaction with Na(s)
(d) oxidation with acidified K2Cr2O7 or acidified KMnO4 to:
(i) carbonyl compounds by distillation
(ii) carboxylic acids by refluxing
(primary alcohols give aldehydes which can be further oxidised to carboxylic acids, secondary
alcohols give ketones, tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised)
(e) dehydration to an alkene, by using a heated catalyst, e.g. Al2O3 or a concentrated acid
(f) formation of esters by reaction with carboxylic acids and concentrated H2SO4 as catalyst as exemplified by ethanol

3 (a) classify alcohols as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, to include examples with more than
one alcohol group
(b) state characteristic distinguishing reactions, e.g. mild oxidation with acidified K2Cr2O7, colour change from orange to green

4 deduce the presence of a CH3CH(OH)– group in an alcohol, CH3CH(OH)–R, from its reaction with alkaline I
2(aq) to form a yellow precipitate of tri-iodomethane and an ion, RCO2–

5 explain the acidity of alcohols compared with water

**Every Powerpoint includes learning objectives, a starter and plenary, suitable activities and review questions with mark scheme. We also provide a FREE pdf version of the file so it can easily be printed for students as a handout or uploaded to the school VLE system
**

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