CIE IGCSE Coordinated Sciences C11: Air and water

This revision pack includes clear, concise notes for all the content covered in C11 (Air and water) according to the CIE IGCSE co-ordinated science new specification (new for the 2022 examinations).

The C11 topic includes:

• Water: describing chemical tests for water, and the process of the treatment of water supply
• An understanding of the composition of clean air, and the common pollutants in air
• The adverse effects of common air pollutants, and their sources
• Approaches to reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide (including low sulfur petrol and flue gas desulfurisation)
• How a catalytic converter removes NO and CO from exhaust emissions
• Rusting: conditions required for rusting, barrier methods of rust protection, sacrificial protection, and galvanising
• The formation of carbon dioxide
• Carbon dioxide and methane as greenhouse gases, and how this may contribute to climate change
• The need for nitrogen-, phosphorus- and potassium-containing fertilisers
• Displacement of ammonia from its salts
• The Haber process (for the manufacture of ammonia)