





This pack covers Edexcel specification point 4.10: explaining how waves are refracted at a boundary in terms of the change of direction and speed.
The Topic Mastery Sheet explains refraction as a change of direction caused by a change of speed, shows light passing through a glass block with an original ray diagram and a summary table, uses wavefronts to explain what happens to the wavelength and frequency, and sets out how to investigate refraction with a ray box. Exam tips come from the Pearson CP4-5 mark scheme and the June 2025 Edexcel examiners’ report. A key vocabulary table gives the exact Edexcel terms, and six common errors are corrected. The Grade 8-9 stretch section explains why a prism splits white light into colours.
The Student Exam Practice Sheet (17 marks) has six questions. They progress from a multiple choice item on a ray diagram through Explain and State items, a 4-mark ray box method adapted from the June 2025 paper and a wave speed calculation for light in glass, to a 4-mark question explaining the refraction of water waves. Answers are checked against the official June 2025 Edexcel Combined Science 1PH mark scheme and the Pearson CP4-5 assessment wherever an equivalent item exists.
Project the mastery sheet for a ready-made revision lesson, set the practice sheet as homework or a timed check, or use the pack for intervention and independent study. PDF and editable Word versions are both included. Written for Edexcel GCSE Combined Science (1SC0); points that appear only in the separate GCSE Physics specification are not included.
@BoxsiderResources. Licensed for single classroom use by the purchasing teacher. Not for redistribution or resale.
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