pptx, 5.8 MB
pptx, 5.8 MB
IB Math AI HL AHL 5.18 – Solutions of Second-Order Differential Equations

Topic: Calculus
Level: IB Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches (HL)
File Type: Editable Slides / Lesson Presentation

Overview
This resource introduces second-order differential equations, focusing on both numerical and analytical methods of solution.
Students explore how second-order systems arise in modeling physical phenomena such as springs, oscillations, and electrical circuits, and how to solve them using Euler’s method and eigenvalue techniques.

The lesson builds a clear bridge between first-order systems, matrix methods, and second-order dynamics—equipping students with essential tools for higher-level mathematical modeling and IB assessments.

Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

  • Define and recognize second-order differential equations.
  • Convert a second-order DE into a system of first-order equations.
  • Apply Euler’s method to approximate solutions numerically.
  • Solve second-order differential equations analytically using eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
  • Interpret solutions graphically through phase portraits.
  • Relate second-order systems to real-world contexts such as motion and circuit models.

What’s Included

  • Editable PowerPoint slides formatted with clear Arial font for instructional use.
  • Concept introduction: what second-order DEs are and where they arise in modeling.
  • Step-by-step derivation showing how to rewrite a second-order equation as a coupled first-order system.
  • Guided Euler’s method example using initial conditions and step size ( h = 0.2 ) to approximate ( x(t) ) at ( t = 1 ).
  • Worked analytical example using matrix representation and eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition to find the exact solution.
  • Practice problem requiring students to compute and sketch the phase trajectory for a given system.
  • Visual guidance on how to connect numerical and exact methods for consistency checks.

Topics Covered

  • Second-order differential equations and their physical interpretations.
  • Euler’s method for numerical solutions.
  • Converting higher-order DEs into first-order systems.
  • Matrix form representation and analytical solution via eigenvalues.
  • Construction and interpretation of phase portraits.
  • Application to real-world oscillation and motion models.

Why You’ll Love It

  • Combines analytical rigor with computational techniques.
  • Connects calculus, linear algebra, and modeling in one cohesive lesson.
  • Provides both symbolic derivations and visual intuition through graphs and trajectories.
  • Perfectly aligned with IB Math HL Topic 5: Calculus (Applications and Interpretation HL).
  • Ready-to-teach slide format suitable for classroom instruction or student self-study.

Tags: IB Math HL, Second-Order Differential Equations, Euler’s Method, Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Phase Portraits, Differential Equations, Calculus, IB Curriculum, Lesson Slides

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A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place.

Bundle

IB Math AI Unit 5 - Calculus Slidedeck bundle

**IB Math AI & HL Calculus Slide Deck Bundle – Complete Topic 5: Calculus Collection** **Topics:** Limits, Derivatives, Power Rule, Tangents and Normals, Anti-Differentiation, Local Maxima & Minima, Optimisation, The Trapezoidal Rule, Kinematics, Models of Differential Equations, Slope Fields, Numerical Methods, Phase Portraits, and Second-Order Differential Equations. **Level:** IB Mathematics: Applications & Interpretation (SL) and Analysis & Approaches (HL) **File Type:** Complete Editable Slide Deck Bundle **Bundle Price:** £40 (26% discount from individual purchases) --- ### **Overview** This comprehensive bundle covers **every subtopic of the IB Mathematics Calculus syllabus** for both **SL and HL**, providing a fully scaffolded sequence of **editable, classroom-ready slide decks**. Each lesson builds conceptual understanding while reinforcing analytical fluency through worked examples, visual explanations, and real-world applications. Whether you are introducing the derivative for the first time, modeling motion with kinematics, or analyzing eigenvalues in differential systems, this collection delivers the entire calculus pathway—from foundational ideas to advanced applications—ready for immediate classroom use. --- ### **Learning Outcomes** Across this full bundle, students will learn to: * Understand **limits** as the foundation of differentiation. * Apply **differentiation rules** including the power, product, quotient, and chain rules. * Use derivatives to determine **tangents, normals, increasing/decreasing intervals, and turning points**. * Solve **optimization problems** in applied contexts. * Understand **anti-differentiation** and use it to compute areas under curves. * Apply **definite integration** to real-world scenarios including motion and growth. * Use **numerical methods** such as the trapezoidal rule and Euler’s method for approximations. * Model dynamic systems using **differential equations** and **phase portraits**. * Analyze **second-order systems** using eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and physical interpretations. --- ### **What’s Included** * **18 complete PowerPoint lessons** covering all SL and HL calculus subtopics. * Fully editable for classroom customization or digital delivery. * Step-by-step worked examples with complete solutions. * Visual aids, graphs, and diagrams for conceptual reinforcement. * Exercises and review problems aligned with IB-style questioning. * Real-world applications across motion, growth, optimization, and modeling. * Covers all **Applications & Interpretation (SL)** and **Analysis & Approaches (HL)** objectives. --- ### **Topics Covered** #### *Standard Level (AI SL)* * 5.1 **Limits** – Introduction to the concept of limits and the definition of the derivative. * 5.2 **Increasing & Decreasing Functions** – Using first derivatives to describe function behavior. * 5.3 **The Power Rule** – Fundamental rule of differentiation for polynomial functions. * 5.4 **Tangents & Normals** – Finding equations of lines to a curve using derivatives. * 5.5 **Anti-Differentiation** – The reverse of differentiation and area interpretation. * 5.6 **Local Maxima & Minima** – Classifying turning points using first and second derivatives. * 5.7 **Optimisation in Context** – Real-world problems requiring maximum or minimum values. * 5.8 **The Trapezoidal Rule** – Numerical approximation of areas under a curve. #### *Higher Level (AI/AA HL)* * 5.9 **More Derivative Rules** – Product, quotient, and chain rules; related rates. * 5.10 **The Second Derivative** – Concavity, curvature, and point classification. * 5.11 **Indefinite Integrals** – Integration as the inverse of differentiation. * 5.12 **Volumes of Revolution** – Calculating volumes using integration. * 5.13 **Kinematics** – Modeling motion using differentiation and integration. * 5.14 **Models of Differential Equations** – Solving growth and decay models by separation of variables. * 5.15 **Slope Fields** – Graphical representations of differential equations. * 5.16 **Numerical Solutions of Differential Equations** – Euler’s method and approximations. * 5.17 **Phase Portraits of Coupled Differential Equations** – Eigenvalues, stability, and trajectory analysis. * 5.18 **Solutions of Second-Order Differential Equations** – Analytical and numerical solutions with applications. --- ### **Why You’ll Love It** * Comprehensive coverage of every **IB Calculus subtopic**, all in one resource. * Perfectly sequenced to follow the **IB syllabus structure** for both SL and HL. * Fully editable and adaptable for **in-person or online instruction**. * Professionally designed, visually clear, and pedagogically consistent. * Excellent value—save **26% (£14)** when purchasing as a complete bundle. * A complete calculus teaching solution—no additional resources required. --- ### **Tags** IB Math AI, IB Math HL, Calculus, Differentiation, Integration, Differential Equations, Optimization, Kinematics, Limits, Tangents, Trapezoidal Rule, Numerical Methods, Phase Portraits, IB Curriculum, Lesson Slides, Bundle, Teaching Resources, IB Mathematics

£40.00

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