This fully-resourced lesson describes the light independent reaction of photosynthesis and explains how reduced NADP is used to form a simple sugar. The detailed PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover the second part of point 5.1 of the AQA A-level Biology specification and lengthy planning has ensured that links are continually made to the previous lesson on the light-dependent reaction so that students can understand how the products of that stage are essential for the Calvin cycle
The lesson begins with an existing knowledge check where the students are challenged to recall the names of structures, substances and reactions from the light-dependent stage in order to reveal the abbreviations of the main 3 substances in the light-independent stage. This immediately introduces RuBP, GP and TP and students are then shown how these substances fit into the cycle. The main section of the lesson focuses on the three phases of the Calvin cycle and time is taken to explore the key details of each phase and includes:
- The role of RuBisCO in carbon fixation
- The role of the products of the light-dependent stage, ATP and reduced NADP, in the reduction of GP to TP
- The use of the majority of the TP in the regeneration of RuBP
A step-by-step guide, with selected questions for the class to consider together, is used to show how 6 turns of the cycle are needed to form the TP that will then be used to synthesise 1 molecule of glucose. A series of exam-style questions are included at appropriate points of the lesson and this will introduce limiting factors as well as testing their ability to answer questions about this stage when presented with an unfamiliar scientific investigation. The mark schemes are included in the PowerPoint so students can assess their understanding and any misconceptions are immediately addressed.
This lesson has been specifically written to tie in with the previous lessons on the structure of a chloroplast and the light-dependent stage as well as upcoming lesson on limiting factors
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Topic 5: Energy transfers in and between organisms (AQA A-level Biology)
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Topics 5.1 & 5.2: Respiration & photosynthesis (AQA A-level Biology)
Respiration and photosynthesis are two of the most commonly-assessed topics in the terminal A-level exams but can be the least well understood by students. These 11 lessons have been intricately planned to contain a wide range of activities that will engage the students whilst covering the key detail to try to deepen their understanding and include exam-style questions so they are prepared for these assessments. The following specification points in topics 5.1 and 5.2 of the AQA A-level Biology course are covered by these lessons: * The photoionisation of chlorophyll * The production of ATP and reduced NADP through the transfer of electrons and pumping of protons across the thylakoid membrane * Photolysis of water to produce protons, electrons and oxygen * The use of the products of the light-dependent reaction in the Calvin cycle * Carbon fixation involving RUBISCO * The reduction of GP to TP * The regeneration of RuBP from TP * The conversion of TP to organic substances * The environmental factors that limit the rate of photosynthesis * Respiration produces ATP * Glycolysis as the first stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration * The conversion of pyruvate to ethanol or lactate using reduced NAD * The key details of the Link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation * The metabolic pathways of other respiratory substrates Due to the detail of these lessons, it is estimated that it will take in excess of a month of A-level lessons to cover these specification points If you would like to sample the quality of the lessons, download the chloroplast structure, anaerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation lessons as these have been shared for free
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Topic 5.1: Photosynthesis (AQA A-level Biology)
This bundle of detailed lesson PowerPoints and accompanying resources have been designed to cover the content of topic 5.1 (Photosynthesis) in the AQA A-level Biology specification. This cellular reaction can prove difficult for the students to understand, so extra planning has gone into these 4 lessons to ensure that the key details of the reactions are embedded and understanding is constantly checked through a variety of activities. All of the exam-style questions which are used in these current understanding and prior knowledge checks have mark schemes that are included in the PowerPoint to allow the students to assess their work. If you would like to sample the quality of these lessons, download the chloroplast structure lesson as this has been uploaded for free.
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