Was Private Harry Farr a coward—or a victim of war?
This powerful and thought-provoking lesson explores the psychological impact of fighting on the Western Front and challenges students to consider how far fear, trauma and discipline shaped soldiers’ actions during the First World War.
The lesson centres on the case of Private Harry Farr, who was shot for “misbehaving before the enemy in such a manner as to show cowardice.” Students are challenged to investigate the fairness of his punishment and decide whether his sentence was justified.
Students begin by exploring what “cowardice” means in a wartime context before examining the concept of shell shock—a condition widely misunderstood and often ignored by the military and government at the time.
Through structured analysis of witness statements, students take part in a re-enactment of Farr’s court martial, weighing up evidence from different perspectives before reaching a verdict. This encourages empathy, evaluation, and evidence-based judgement.
Students also explore why some soldiers refused to fight on the Western Front, why desertion occurred despite severe punishments, how attitudes towards mental health differed during WWI and the role of discipline, fear, and survival in soldiers’ decisions
Using visual and written sources, students develop a deeper understanding of psychological trauma in warfare and apply higher-order thinking skills in an extended writing task at the end of the lesson.
The lesson concludes with a reflective plenary that challenges students to reconsider their initial ideas about cowardice and evaluate how their thinking has changed.
The resource also features:
An enquiry question revisited throughout the lesson and unit
Retrieval practice activities
Source-based and interpretive analysis
Structured role-play court martial activity
Differentiated materials to support all learners
Suggested teaching strategies
Fully editable PowerPoint format
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