Children in Medieval TimesL.O: Understand the different lives that rich and poor children had.

In November 1095, at the Council of Clermont in southern France, the Pope called on Western Christians to take up arms to aid the Byzantines and recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. This marked the beginning of the Crusades. Pope Urban’s plea was met with a tremendous response, both among the military elite as well as ordinary citizens.

Evacuation was voluntary, but the fear of bombing, the closure of many urban schools and the organised transportation of school groups helped persuade families to send their children away to live with strangers. The schoolchildren in this photograph assembled at Myrdle School in Stepney at 5am on 1 September 1939. The adults accompanying them are wearing arm bands, which identify them as volunteer marshals.

In November 1095, at the Council of Clermont in southern France, the Pope called on Western Christians to take up arms to aid the Byzantines and recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. This marked the beginning of the Crusades. Pope Urban’s plea was met with a tremendous response, both among the military elite as well as ordinary citizens.

During the long reign (1558–1603) of Elizabeth I, England emerged as a world power and her presence helped unify the country against foreign enemies. Her reign is often defined in terms of her skillful diplomacy, her action on religious matters, and the defeat of the Spanish Armada, Her reign also saw a brilliant flourishing in the arts.

Charles I was king of England, Scotland and Ireland, whose conflicts with parliament led to civil war and his eventual execution. Charles I was born in Fife on 19 November 1600, the second son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. On the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 James became king of England and Ireland. Charles’s popular older brother Henry, whom he adored, died in 1612 leaving Charles as heir, and in 1625 he became king. Three months after his accession he married Henrietta Maria of France. They had a happy marriage and left five surviving children.

In July 1642, England finally descended into civil war after years of political wrangling and empty promises between Parliament and King Charles I. The two sides had disagreed over money, religion, and how political power should be distributed. The opposing sides became known as the ‘Roundheads’ (Parliamentarians) and ‘Cavaliers’ (Royalists). During the early years of war, most Parliamentarians merely wanted to force the king to see the error of his ways and have some of his powers curbed by Parliament. It was not, as yet, an objective to abolish the monarchy.

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential, and controversial figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Estates-General, the Constituent Assembly, and the Jacobin Club, he campaigned for universal manhood suffrage, the right to vote for people of color, Jews, actors, and domestic staff

The prophet Mohammed (PBUH) was sent to bring a message of mercy to all the human beings. The message of islam began to spread from Mecca to Al- Hijaz, it then spread outside the Arab Peninsula reaching the entire world. But when some rulers refused to tell their people about islam, the Muslims began to move towards these regions. The people were given a free choice to join islam or to stick to their own beliefs. The messengers of islam were able to spread the message of islam peacefully. Pious followers of the Prophet settled in the mosques and began to teach Islam to the people. In other countries Islam had little or no impact. This was largely because of the strong beliefs that people already had.

In some ways the Weimar Republic as a good place to live, at certain times and in some places. For example the constitution guaranteed rights for all people over the age of 18 to have freedom of speech and the right to vote. This was good because all people had a say in the government and the right to live in safety. Furthermore, during the Golden Age Stresemann solved some of the economic problems like hyper-inflation and got the economy going again, industry began to grow, wages went up and people were able to enjoy the new culture opportunities, showing it was a good place to live.

Up until February 1917, Russia had been ruled over by a ruling family of Tsars (Emperors) for nearly two centuries…… But by 1917, enough ordinary Russians were fed up enough with the Tsar and their way of life to stage not just one but TWO Revolutions in one year

Describe and evaluate the development of Fenianism within the Irish Diaspora. It was fuelled ambitiously by a nationalist ideological nature and indeed evolved from pre-existing movements drilled by revolutionary inspirations. The Fenian movement is well documented despite being viewed as an illegal organisation. It can be suggested that the Fenian movement blossomed from the decay of the Young Irelanders and flourished from its influences based on the continents struggles for freedom during a period of (which was known as) the ‘springtime of the people’.