Students should: have an understanding of customer expectations of quality in terms of production of goods and the provision of services have an understanding of how businesses identify quality problems and how businesses measure quality and the consequences of these issues be aware of the methods of maintaining consistent quality and be able to identify the advantages to a business of using TQM be aware of the possible quality issues as businesses grow, particularly if outsourcing and franchising is used This complete lesson is made by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) Cultural diversity: recognition that groups of people across the globe have different interests and values b) Features of global niche markets c) Application and adaptation of the marketing mix (4Ps) to suit global niches This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) Factors to consider: o costs of production o skills and availability of labour force o infrastructure o location in trade bloc o government incentives o ease of doing business o political stability o natural resources o likely return on investment This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Purpose of sales forecasts b) Factors affecting sales forecasts: o consumer trends o economic variables o actions of competitors c) Difficulties of sales forecasting Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Calculation of sales volume and sales revenue b) Calculation of fixed and variable costs Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Methods of production: o job o batch o flow o cell b) Productivity: o output per unit of input per time period: factors influencing productivity link between productivity and competitiveness c) Efficiency: o production at minimum average cost: factors influencing efficiency distinction between labour and capital intensive production Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) Market mapping b) Competitive advantage of a product or service c) The purpose of product differentiation d) Adding value to products/services

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (333) 2 Investment appraisal a) Simple payback. b) Average (accounting) rate of return. c) Discounted cash flow (net present value only). d) Calculations and interpretations of figures generated by these techniques. e) Limitations of these techniques. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (335) 2 Ratio analysis a) Calculate: • profitability (gross profit margin and profit for the year margin) • liquidity (current and acid test ratios) • gearing ratio • return on capital employed (ROCE). b) Interpret ratios to make business decisions. c) The limitations of ratio analysis. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

1.8.2 Reasons for business failure: • cash flow problems/lack of finance • not competitive • failure to adapt to changes in the market.

AQA GCSE Business 3.1.2 Business Ownership Complete teaching resources for a whole lesson including a PowerPoint and worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation Students should be able to: understand the different legal structures that businesses adopt • Sole traders • Partnerships • Private limited companies (ltd) • Public limited companies (plc) • Not-for-profit organisations analyse the benefits and drawbacks of each legal structure (including issues such as management and control, sources of finance available, liability and distribution of profits) understand the concept of limited liability and which legal structures benefit from this evaluate which legal structure would be most appropriate for a variety of business examples, including new start-up businesses and large established businesses.

a) Considerations for businesses: o cultural differences o different tastes o language o unintended meanings o inappropriate/inaccurate translations o inappropriate branding and promotion This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Edexcel A Level Business unit 4.4.3 a) Factors to consider: o political influence o legal control o pressure groups o social media This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) Growth rate of the UK economy compared to emerging economies b) Growing economic power of countries within Asia, Africa and other parts of the world c) Implications of economic growth for individuals and businesses: o trade opportunities for businesses o employment patterns d) Indicators of growth: o Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita o literacy o health o Human Development Index (HDI) This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Design mix: function aesthetics cost b) Changes in the elements of the design mix to reflect social trends: concern over resource depletion: designing for waste minimisation, re-use and recycling ethical sourcing Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (335) 1 Interpretation of financial statements a) Statement of comprehensive income (profit and loss account): • key information • stakeholder interest. b) Statement of financial position (balance sheet) • key information • stakeholder interest. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

1.5.1 Role of an entrepreneur a) Creating and setting up a business b) Running and expanding/developing a business c) Innovation within a business (intrapreneurship) d) Barriers to entrepreneurship e) Anticipating risk and uncertainty in the business environment 1.5.2 Entrepreneurial motives and characteristics a) Characteristics and skills required b) Reasons why people set up businesses: o financial motives: profit maximisation and profit satisficing o non-financial motives: ethical stance, social entrepreneurship, independence and home working 1.5.3 Business objectives a) Survival b) Profit maximisation c) Other objectives: o sales maximisation o market share o cost efficiency o employee welfare o customer satisfaction o social objectives 1.5.4 Forms of business a) Sole trader, partnership and private limited company b) Franchising, social enterprise, lifestyle businesses, online businesses c) Growth to PLC and stock market flotation 1.5.5 Business choices a) Opportunity cost b) Choices and potential trade-offs 1.5.6 Moving from entrepreneur to leader a) The difficulties in developing from an entrepreneur to a leader

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (333) 1 Quantitative sales forecasting a) Calculation of time-series analysis: moving averages (three period/four quarter). b) Interpretation of scatter graphs and line of best fit: extrapolation of past data to future. c) Limitations of quantitative sales forecasting techniques. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business (432) 2 Assessment of a country as a market a) Factors to consider: • levels and growth of disposable income • ease of doing business • infrastructure • political stability • exchange rates. b) Application of Porter’s five forces in assessing potential markets. Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

1.4.1 Approaches to staffing a) Staff as an asset; staff as a cost b) Flexible workforce: o multi-skilling o part-time and temporary o flexible hours and home working o outsourcing c) Distinction between dismissal and redundancy d) Employer/employee relationships o individual approach o collective bargaining 1.4.2 Recruitment, selection and training a) Recruitment and selection process: o internal versus external recruitment b) Costs of recruitment, selection and training c) Types of training: o induction o on-the-job o off-the-job 1.4.3 Organisational design a) Structure: o hierarchy o chain of command o span of control o centralised and decentralised b) Types of structure: o tall o flat o matrix c) Impact of different organisational structures on business efficiency and motivation 1.4.4 Motivation in theory and practice a) The importance of employee motivation to a business b) Motivation theories: o Taylor (scientific management) o Mayo (human relations theory) o Maslow (hierarchy of needs) o Herzberg (two factor theory) c) Financial incentives to improve employee performance: o piecework o commission o bonus o profit share o performance-related pay d) Non-financial techniques to improve employee performance: o delegation o consultation o empowerment o team working o flexible working o job enrichment o job rotation o job enlargement 1.4.5 Leadership a) Leadership: o the distinction between management and leadership b) Types of leadership style: o autocratic o paternalistic o democratic o laissez-faire