Evidence for evolution lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides, worksheet and an interactive quiz. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.3.4 Relevant chapter: B15 Genetics and evolution. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 242-243 Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to describe the evidence for evolution including fossils and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The theory of evolution by natural selection is now widely accepted. Evidence for Darwin’s theory is now available as it has been shown that characteristics are passed on to offspring in genes. There is further evidence in the fossil record and the knowledge of how resistance to antibiotics evolves in bacteria.

Rates of decomposition lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a separate class only, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Required practical has been taught in a separate lesson. Includes powerpoint timers, slide animations, embedded video’s and mini review. NB: If you are unable to play embedded videos please view slide notes for link. AQA spec link: 4.7.2.3 Relevant chapter: B17 organising an ecosystem. AQA Biology Third edition textbook-Page 282-283 Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to explain how temperature, water and availability of oxygen affect the rate of decay of biological material. Students should be able to: • calculate rate changes in the decay of biological material Gardeners and farmers try to provide optimum conditions for rapid decay of waste biological material. The compost produced is used as a natural fertiliser for growing garden plants or crops. Anaerobic decay produces methane gas. Biogas generators can be used to produce methane gas as a fuel.

The human Kidney lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my separates class (Year 10-KS4). This is a printer friendly resource it includes an: embedded video, slide animations and a mini exam question. As i taught this lesson in two parts it's only fair i upload the other presentation also (2 for the price of 1). **Knowledge of other parts of the urinary system, the structure of the kidney, and the structure of a nephron is not required.** AQA spec link: 5.3.3 Relevant chapter: B12-Homeostasis in action. ( Note: This topic is for BIOLOGY only not for combined science students). AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 185-186 *The new specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe the function of kidneys in maintaining the water balance of the body. The kidneys produce urine by filtration of the blood and selective reabsorption of useful substances such as glucose, some ions, And water. Knowledge of other parts of the urinary system, the structure of the kidney, and the structure of a nephron is not required. Students should be able to translate tables and bar charts of glucose, ions, and urea before and after filtration. Students should be able to describe the effect of ADH on the permeability of the kidney tubules. The water level in the body is controlled by the hormone ADH which acts on the kidney tubules. ADH is released by the pituitary gland when the blood is too concentrated and it causes more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules. This is controlled by negative feedback.

C10-Chemical analysis-Pure substances and mixtures lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a low ability year 11 class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. AQA spec link: 5.8.1.1 and 5.8.1.2 In chemistry, a pure substance is a single element or compound, not mixed with any other substance. Pure elements and compounds melt and boil at specific temperatures. Melting point and boiling point data can be used to distinguish pure substances from mixtures. In everyday language, a pure substance can mean a substance that has had nothing added to it, so it is unadulterated and in its natural state, eg pure milk. Students should be able to use melting point and boiling point data to distinguish pure from impure substances. Many products are complex mixtures in which each chemical has a particular purpose. Formulations are made by mixing the components in carefully measured quantities to ensure that the product has the required properties. Formulations include fuels, cleaning agents, paints, medicines, alloys, fertilisers and foods. Students should be able to identify formulations given appropriate information. Students do not need to know the names of components in proprietary products.

Genetic engineering lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability (trilogy/combined) class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.2.4 Relevant chapter: B13 Variation and evolution. AQA Biology trilogy edition textbook-Page 186-187. Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to explain the potential benefits and risks of genetic engineering in agriculture and in medicine and that some people have objections. Concerns about GM crops include the effect on populations of wild flowers and insects. Some people feel the effects of eating GM crops on human health have not been fully explored.

This lesson has been created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my combined/additional science class (Year 9-KS4). Includes: slide animations, embedded video, worksheet and answers have also been included within the slides. This resource is suitable for separate science students. AQA spec link: 4.3.1.4 and 4.3.1.5 Relevant chapter: B5-Communicable diseases . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 88-89. *The new specification requires students to know the following; Rose black spot is a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early. It affects the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced. It is spread in the environment by water or wind. Rose black spot can be treated by using fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected leaves. The pathogens that cause malaria are protists. The malarial protist has a life cycle that includes the mosquito. Malaria causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal. The spread of malaria is controlled by preventing the vectors, mosquitos, from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.

This lesson has been created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my combined/additional science class (Year 9-KS4). Includes: slide animations, embedded video, worksheet, quiz, practice exam questions and answers have also been included within the slides. This resource is suitable for separate science students. AQA spec link: Relevant chapter: B5-Communicable diseases . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 90-91. *The new specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe the non-specific defence systems of the human body against pathogens, including the: • skin • nose • trachea and bronchi • stomach. Students should be able to explain the role of the immune system in the defence against disease. If a pathogen enters the body the immune system tries to destroy the pathogen. White blood cells help to defend against pathogens by: • phagocytosis • antibody production • antitoxin production.

Hormones and menstrual cycle lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my separates class (Year 10-KS4). Includes: slide animations, embedded video, worksheet and practice questions with mark scheme. This resource is suitable for combined science students. *Note-For higher tier only* AQA spec link:5.3.4 Relevant chapter: B11 -Hormonal coordination . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 170-171. *The new specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to explain the interactions of FSH, oestrogen, LH and progesterone, in the control of the menstrual cycle. Students should be able to extract and interpret data from graphs showing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle.

NB: This is a BIOLOGY (SEPARATES) ONLY lesson Growing bacteria in the lab lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, differentiated questions and answers have also been included within the slides. This resource is NOT suitable for combined science students. AQA spec link: 4.1.1.6 Relevant chapter: B5-Communicable diseases . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 78-79. Bacteria multiply by simple cell division (binary fission) as often as once every 20 minutes if they have enough nutrients and a suitable temperature. Bacteria can be grown in a nutrient broth solution or as colonies on an agar gel plate. Uncontaminated cultures of microorganisms are required for investigating the action of disinfectants and antibiotics. Students should be able to describe how to prepare an uncontaminated culture using aseptic technique. They should be able to explain why: • Petri dishes and culture media must be sterilised before use to kill unwanted microorganisms • inoculating loops used to transfer microorganisms to the media must be sterilised by passing them through a flame • the lid of the Petri dish should be secured with adhesive tape to prevent microorganisms from the air contaminating the culture, and stored upside down • in school and college laboratories, cultures should be incubated at a maximum temperature of 25 °C.

This lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my separates class (Year 10-KS4). I taught this lesson after the required germination practical. Includes: slide animations, embedded video and practice questions with mark scheme. This resource is for separates ONLY. *NOTE-using plant hormones-Higher tier only* AQA spec link: 5.4.1, 5.4.2 Relevant chapter: B11.9/10- AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 176-179 *The new specification requires students to know the following; Plants produce hormones to coordinate and control growth and responses: to light, phototropism; and gravity, gravitropism (geotropism). Unequal distributions of auxin cause unequal growth rates in plant roots and shoots. Gibberellins are important in initiating seed germination. Ethene controls cell division and ripening of fruits. The mechanisms of how gibberellins and ethene work are not required. Students should be able to describe the effects of some plant hormones and the different ways people use them to control plant growth. Plant growth hormones are used in agriculture and horticulture. Auxins are used as: • as weed killers • as rooting powders • for promoting growth in tissue culture. Ethene is used in the food industry to control ripening of fruit during storage and transport. Gibberellins can be used to: • end seed dormancy • promote flowering • increase fruit size.

Theories of evolution lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a separates class. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides, worksheet and an interactive quiz. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.3.1 Relevant chapter: B15 Genetics and evolution. AQA Biology trilogy edition textbook-Page 236-237 Students are required to know the following; Charles Darwin, largely as a result of observations on a round the world expedition, linked to developing knowledge of geology and fossils, proposed the theory of natural selection: • Individual organisms within a particular species show a wide range of variation for a characteristic. • Individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive to breed successfully. • The characteristics that have enabled these individuals to survive are then passed on to the next generation. Other theories, including that of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, are based mainly on the idea that changes that occur in an organism during its lifetime can be inherited. We now know that in the vast majority of cases this type of inheritance cannot occur. A study of creationism is not required.

The history of genetics lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a separates class. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides, worksheet and an interactive quiz. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.3.3 Relevant chapter: B15 Genetics and evolution. AQA Biology trilogy edition textbook-Page 234-235 Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to: • describe the development of our understanding of genetics including the work of Mendel • understand why the importance of Mendel’s discovery was not recognised until after his death. In the mid-19th century Gregor Mendel carried out breeding experiments on plants. One of his observations was that the inheritance of each characteristic is determined by ‘units’ that are passed on to descendants unchanged. In the late 19th century behaviour of chromosomes during cell division was observed. WS 1.1 Our current understanding of genetics has developed over time. In the early 20th century it was observed that chromosomes and Mendel’s ‘units’ behaved in similar ways. This led to the idea that the ‘units’, now called genes, were located on chromosomes. In the mid-20th century the structure of DNA was determined and the mechanism of gene function worked out. This scientific work by many scientists led to the gene theory being developed.

Dialysis lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my separates class (Year 10-KS4). It includes: embedded videos, slide animations and a worksheet. *Students only need to know the basic principles of dialysis-they do not need to know about haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.* AQA spec link: 5.3.3 Relevant chapter: B12-Homeostasis in action. ( Note: This topic is for BIOLOGY only not for combined science students). AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 188-189 *The new specification requires students to know the following; People who suffer from kidney failure may be treated by organ transplant or by using kidney dialysis. Students should know the basic principles of the operation of a dialysis machine.

As I embark on to my fifth year of teaching I can still remember my training year as a SCITT trainee, five years since then I’ve had the pleasure to mentor my own student. I have attached a document which contains the teacher standards but more importantly examples that will help you gather the evidence you need for your evidence folder. Please email me at paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com if you any further enquiries or if you would like some friendly teaching advice!

Classification lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides, worksheet and an interactive quiz. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.4 Relevant chapter: B14 Genetics and evolution. AQA combined trilogy edition textbook-Page 198-199 Students are required to know the following; Traditionally living things have been classified into groups depending on their structure and characteristics in a system developed by Carl Linnaeus. Linnaeus classified living things into kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Organisms are named by the binomial system of genus and species. Students should be able to use information given to show understanding of the Linnaean system. Students should be able to describe the impact of developments in biology on classification systems.

C13-The Earth’s atmosphere-Greenhouse gases lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a mixed ability year 11 separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, and homework with answers as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com AQA spec link: 4.9.2.1, 2, Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere maintain temperatures on Earth high enough to support life. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, and methane are greenhouse gases. Students should be able to describe the greenhouse effect in terms of the interaction of short and long wavelength radiation with matter. Some human activities increase the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These include: • carbon dioxide • methane. Students should be able to recall two human activities that increase the amounts of each of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane. Based on peer-reviewed evidence, many scientists believe that human activities will cause the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere to increase at the surface and that this will result in global climate change. However, it is difficult to model such complex systems as global climate change. This leads to simplified models, speculation, and opinions presented in the media that may be based on only parts of the evidence and which may be biased. Students should be able to: • evaluate the quality of evidence in a report about global climate change given appropriate information • describe uncertainties in the evidence base • recognise the importance of peer review of results and of communicating results to a wide range of audiences.

Exchanging materials lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides, worksheet, and homework (with MS) AQA spec link: 4.1.3.1 Relevant chapter: B1 Cell structure and transport. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 22-23 Specification requires students to know the following; A single-celled organism has a relatively large surface area to volume ratio. This allows sufficient transport of molecules into and out of the cell to meet the needs of the organism. Students should be able to calculate and compare surface area to volume ratios. Students should be able to explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms in terms of surface area to volume ratio. Students should be able to explain how the small intestine and lungs in mammals, gills in fish, and the roots and leaves in plants, are adapted for exchanging materials. In multicellular organisms, surfaces and organ systems are specialised for exchanging materials. This is to allow sufficient molecules to be transported into and out of cells for the organism’s needs. The effectiveness of an exchange surface is increased by: •• having a large surface area •• a membrane that is thin, to provide a short diffusion path •• (in animals) having an efficient blood supply •• (in animals, for gaseous exchange) being ventilated.

Investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of decay of fresh milk by measuring pH change (RP 10-separate science). This practical was completed in one lesson, students were asked to construct a graph from their data for homework. I have included how i conducted the practical in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.7.2.3 Relevant chapter: B17 Organising an ecosystem. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 282-283 Students are required to know the following; Required practical activity 10: investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of decay of fresh milk by measuring pH change. AT skills covered by this practical activity: AT 1, 3, 4 and 5. This practical activity also provides opportunities to develop WS and MS. Details of all skills are given in Key opportunities for skills development.