Hunga Tonga 2022: Eruption, Impacts and Responses

Plate Tectonics Complete Unit: Earthquakes and Volcanoes

**Teach plate movement, earthquakes and volcanoes as a connected unit, building from physical processes to the impacts on people and the decisions made to reduce risk.** The six modules move from Earth structure and plate boundaries to earthquakes and volcanoes, then apply those ideas to the Türkiye–Syria earthquake of 2023 and the Hunga Tonga eruption of 2022. The two detailed specific examples give students contrasting settings in which to explain impacts and assess responses. Modules included - **Module 1:** The Theory of Plate Tectonics. Help students explain how the structure of the Earth connects to the movement of tectonic plates. - **Module 2:** Plate Boundaries. Help students explain how different plate movements produce distinctive landforms and hazards. - **Module 3:** Earthquakes. Help students explain earthquake processes and why their effects vary between places. - **Module 4:** Volcanoes. Help students compare volcanoes, explain their hazards and judge how risk can be reduced. - **Module 5:** Türkiye and Syria Earthquake 2023. Help students explain the causes, impacts and responses to the Türkiye and Syria earthquake of 2023. - **Module 6:** Hunga Tonga Eruption 2022. Help students explain the Hunga Tonga eruption of 2022 and evaluate the response to a volcanic disaster in an island setting. **Teaching options and materials** Each module provides Full Lesson and Essentials presentations, matching workbooks and booklets, a separate collaborative lesson, exam practice, a mark scheme and a short assessment. Full Lesson workbooks have colour, black-and-white and typed-response versions. Essentials Booklets have completed and student-notes versions. **Whole-unit materials** The complete unit also contains a combined whole-unit workbook and a combined Essentials Booklet, bringing all six modules together in one document each, and a unit mock with student materials and a mark scheme. These support teaching and revision across module boundaries. **Learning through activity** Students teach one another about the Earth's layers, build plate boundary models, run an earthquake preparedness drill and debate a volcanic evacuation. They then compare earthquake evidence across Türkiye and Syria and write a fact-checked dispatch about Tonga. Each collaborative lesson includes its own presentation and printable materials. Designed for ages 14–16 studying Cambridge IGCSE Geography 0460 tectonics topics. Supplied as PowerPoint and Word files, plus PDF START HERE guides. Text and tasks can be adapted; diagrams and illustrations are embedded images. Online-labelled documents provide space for typed responses. **If you find this resource useful, a review helps other teachers discover it and supports the creation of future resources.**