Aromatic Compounds (OCR)

5 Full Lesson Bundle which covers the lessons on aromatic compounds from the OCR A Level Chemistry Specification. See below for the lesson objectives

Lesson 1: Benzene and its Structure

1. To describe the Kekulé model of benzene
2. To describe the delocalised model of benzene in terms of P orbital overlap forming a delocalised π system
3. To compare the Kekulé model of benzene and the delocalised model of benzene
4. To explain the experimental evidence which supports the delocalised model of benzene in terms of bond lengths, enthalpy change of hydrogenation and resistance to reaction

Lesson 2: Naming Aromatic Compounds

1. State the IUPAC name of substituted aromatic compounds
2. Construct the structure of aromatic compounds based on their IUPAC names
3. Analyse the correct numbering system for di and trisubstituted aromatic compounds

Lesson 3: The Reactions of Benzene

1. To understand the electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds with:
   (i) concentrated nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid
   (ii) a halogen in the presence of a halogen carrier
   (iii) a haloalkane or acyl chloride in the presence of a halogen carrier (Friedel–Crafts reaction) and its importance to synthesis by formation of a C–C bond to an aromatic ring
2. To construct the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in arenes

Lesson 4: Phenols

1. To recall and explain the electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol:
   with bromine to form 2,4,6-tribromophenol
   (ii) with dilute nitric acid to form a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol
   (j) To explain the relative ease of electrophilic substitution of phenol compared with benzene, in terms of electron pair donation to the π-system from an oxygen p-orbital in phenol
2. To understand the weak acidity of phenols shown by its neutralisation reaction with NaOH but absence of reaction with carbonates

Lesson 5: Directing Groups in Aromatic Compounds

1. To understand the 2- and 4-directing effect of electron- donating groups (OH, NH2) and the 3-directing effect of electron-withdrawing groups (NO2) in electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds

2. To predict the substitution products of aromatic compounds by directing effects in organic synthesis

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