The Constitution Vocabulary Matching Activity and Recording Sheet Included in this product: • Title page • 33 sets of vocabulary matching cards (words/terms/important people; some do not have image matches) including color sets and black and white (you don't have to use all the cards in your activity!) • Recording Sheet for student responses (can make enough copies for your students to record as many sets as you'd like) This set of 33 (plus black and white) vocabulary matching cards outlines the important people, terms, and events outlining the time of The Constitution. Vocabulary Matching Cards include: • The Constitution • Bicameral • Legislative Branch • Executive Branch • Reserved Powers • Concurrent Powers • and more! These cards are great for stations, centers, as an independent study tool, SCOOT and other cooperative learning activities. ★ You can find all my Constitution lessons and activities HERE! Digital Papers by Ashley Hughes Borders by I Teach What's Your Superpower KG Fonts © 2017 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Constitution Task Cards and Recording Sheet for Student Responses Included in this product: • Title page • Full Set of 27 vocabulary words/terms/important people tasks cards in the form of a question • Answer Key Cards (you do not have to give these to students or you can after the activity) • Recording Sheet for student responses (can make enough copies for your students to answer as many questions as you'd like) This set of 27 task cards covers important people, terms, and events regarding the Constitution and its six principles. These cards are great for stations, centers, as an independent study tool, SCOOT and other cooperative learning activities. ★★ Looking for the Constitution Flash Cards? Find them HERE! ★ You can find all my Constitution/Government lessons and activities HERE! Buy the BUNDLE and SAVE!! •• This product is also included in the Constitution UNIT BUNDLE with BONUS card sets! •• Digital Papers by Ashley Hughes KG Fonts © 2014 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Articles of Confederation Task Cards and Recording Sheet for Student Responses FOR GOOGLE DRIVE Included in this product: • Title page • Full Set of 40 vocabulary words/terms/important people tasks cards in the form of a question • Answer Key Cards (you do not have to give these to students or you can after the activity) • Recording Sheet for student responses (can make enough copies for your students to answer as many questions as you'd like) This set of 40 task cards covers important people, terms, and events regarding the Articles of Confederation and the Constitutional Convention. These cards are great for stations, centers, as an independent study tool, SCOOT and other cooperative learning activities. ★★ Looking for the printable, pen and paper version of this resource? Find it here! Articles of Confederation Task Cards ASSL ★ You can find all my Articles of Confederation/Constitutional Convention lessons and activities HERE! Digital Papers by Christi Fultz KG Fonts © 2014 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

California Gold Rush and 49ers Aim: Why did people move to California? FOR GOOGLE CLASSROOM Included in this resource: • Cover Page • Student centered Do Now question • The California Gold Rush document analysis activity • Documents include: - Before the Rush - Life in the Mining Camps - Miners from Around the World - Conflicts Among Miners - Impact of the Gold Rush • Scaffolding Questions for each document for student responses • Application/Closing/Higher Order Thinking Question • Answer Key for Teachers Students will read and analyze the documents pertaining to the California gold rush including details on forty-niners, life in mining camps, life for miners from other cultures, and the impact of the gold rush on different nationalities and the United States. They will complete the scaffolding questions and graphic web organizer based on the lesson and their knowledge of Social Studies. Adheres to Social Studies Common Core Standards - research, application, literacy, vocabulary, analyzing documents and making conclusions, creating arguments with evidence Differentiation: cooperative {students may work in pairs/groups according to teacher's discretion for scaffolding questions}; students argue their opinions and make predictions using relevant examples and details from the lesson and their knowledge of social studies. ★ Note - You can use this lesson as a cooperative group activity. You can use the documents as a station activity, document pass, or jigsaw activity. ★ You can find all my Manifest Destiny Unit lessons and activities HERE. ★★ Looking for the pen and paper, hard-copy version of this resource? Find it here! California Gold Rush ASSL •• Digital, 1:1, interactive Social Studies learning! Digital Papers by Ashley Hughes United States Clip Art by Kerri Webb Kerri's Art Corner KG Fonts © 2012 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Roaring Twenties Task Cards and Recording Sheet for Student Responses Included in this product: • Title page • Full Set of 58 vocabulary words/terms/important people tasks cards in the form of a question • Answer Key Cards (you do not have to give these to students or you can after the activity) • Recording Sheet for student responses (can make enough copies for your students to answer as many questions as you’d like) This set of 58 task cards covers important people, terms, and events of the Roaring Twenties unit. Terms include: Capitalism Anarchists Red Scare Calvin Coolidge Marcus Garvey Warren G. Harding Ohio Gang Teapot Dome Scandal Laissez-Faire Economics Isolationism Kellogg-Briand Pact Gross National Product Installment Buying Henry Ford Assembly Line Charles Lindbergh Flapper and more! These cards are great for stations, centers, as an independent study tool, SCOOT and other cooperative learning activities. © 2012 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Imperialism Task Cards and Recording Sheet for Student Responses Included in this resource: • Title page • Full Set of 43 vocabulary words/terms/important people tasks cards in the form of a question • Answer Key Cards (you do not have to give these to students or you can after the activity) • Recording Sheet for student responses (can make enough copies for your students to answer as many questions as you’d like) This set of 43 task cards covers important people, terms, and events of the Imperialism unit. Terms include: Imperialism Isolationism Theodore Roosevelt Expansionism Matthew Perry Annex William H. Seward “Seward’s Folly” Spheres of Influence Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth Yellow Journalism Spanish-American War William Randolph Hearst Rough Riders and more! These cards are great for stations, centers, as an independent study tool, SCOOT and other cooperative learning activities. © 2014 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Imperialism Task Cards and Recording Sheet for Student Responses FOR GOOGLE DRIVE Included in this resource: • Title page • Full Set of 43 vocabulary words/terms/important people tasks cards in the form of a question • Answer Key Cards (you do not have to give these to students or you can after the activity) • Recording Sheet for student responses (can make enough copies for your students to answer as many questions as you’d like) This set of 43 task cards covers important people, terms, and events of the Imperialism unit. Terms include: Imperialism Isolationism Theodore Roosevelt Expansionism Matthew Perry Annex William H. Seward “Seward’s Folly” Spheres of Influence Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth Yellow Journalism Spanish-American War William Randolph Hearst Rough Riders and more! These cards are great for stations, centers, as an independent study tool, SCOOT and other cooperative learning activities. Digital, 1:1, interactive Social Studies learning! ★★ Looking for the pen and paper, hard-copy version of this resource? Find it here! Imperialism Task Cards ASSL © 2014 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Imperialism FLASH CARDS Included in this resource: • Title page • Full Set of 43 vocabulary words/terms flash cards with definitions Terms include: Imperialism Isolationism Theodore Roosevelt Expansionism Matthew Perry Annex William H. Seward “Seward’s Folly” Spheres of Influence Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth Yellow Journalism Spanish-American War William Randolph Hearst Rough Riders and more! ★★ This flash card set is a great activity to use for review. I print out a few sets, laminate back to back and have the students use them for review before a test/exam. Or, you can have the students utilize them if they “finish early!” © 2014 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Progressive Era Word Wall with Definitions and Images Included in this product: • Title page • 71 vocabulary words/terms/important people (38 pages) with definitions & images Terms include: Progressives Political Machines Political Boss Kickback Boss Tweed Thomas Nast Spoils System Patronage Pendleton Act Sherman Anti-Trust Act Oligopoly Interstate Commerce Act Tariff Socialism Eugene V. Debs Muckrakers Lincoln Steffens Upton Sinclair and more! ★ This word wall is a great addition to any classroom or bulletin board! Each word can be cut out, laminated, and displayed in your classroom! © 2014 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

How did inventions like the typewriter, the telephone, and the automobile transform daily life and work during the Second Industrial Revolution? This lesson and activity examines the background and impact of Second Industrial Revolution era inventions. Students will analyze documents and answer corresponding scaffolding questions. They will answer the final summary question to apply their knowledge. Included in this resource: Do Now - Thomas Edison quote analysis Second Industrial Revolution Inventions Document analysis: Students can use the documents as a pass from group to group, or you can post the documents around your classroom and use as a “station activity,” where students go to station to station with their group to analyze. Document #1: Bessemer Process Document #2: Singer sewing machine Document #3: Transatlantic telegraph Document #4: Dynamite Document #5: Typewriter Document #6: Bell telephone Document #7: Phonograph Document #8: Incandescent electric lamp Document #9: Electric streetcar Document #10: Kodak camera Document #11: Latimer filament for light bulbs Document #12: Adding machine Document #13: Oiling machinery Document #14: Shoe-lasting machine Document #15: Wright Brothers Airplane Document #16: Ford Model-T Application/Closing/Higher-Order Thinking Assessment: How did second industrial revolution inventions have a profound effect on the growth of cities and the economy? Answer key for teachers (suggested) ★Please make an executive decision whether or not this lesson can be executed with your students based upon the preview file. Thank you! ©2024 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

How did formerly enslaved people strive to achieve social equality? This lesson examines the realities of Reconstruction including sharecropping, the violence of the KKK, and differing viewpoints on education. Students will evaluate documents to conclude how sharecropping played a complex role in shaping the lives of formerly enslaved peoples. They will critically think to conclude if or how the experiences of the formerly enslaved, including their challenges and aspirations, shaped the path toward a more equitable future in the United States. Included in this resource: Do Now - “The First Vote” by Harper’s Weekly political cartoon analysis questions Reconstruction Realities: Sharecropping, the KKK, Hiram Revels, and Education Perspectives reading passage with scaffolding questions Exploring Sharecropping reading passage and definitions Exploring Sharecropping: An Agreement activity which includes: an agreement/contract Sharecropping outcomes dice roll game/simulation Ku Klux Klan reading passage and scaffolding questions Booker T. Washington perspective with scaffolding questions W.E.B DuBois perspective with scaffolding questions Application/Closing/Higher-Order Thinking Assessment: How did the experiences of the formerly enslaved, including their challenges and aspirations during Reconstruction, shape the path toward a more equitable future in the United States? Answer key for teachers ***cut out the colored cards in the document (landowner/sharecropper cards) to distribute to your students in their groups ★ Please Note: I execute this lesson with my 8th grade honors students and my 11th grade gen-ed students. Please make an executive decision whether or not this lesson can be executed with your students based upon the preview file. Thank you! ©2023 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Why did the Election of 1876 lead to the Compromise of 1877, and how did this compromise impact the political and social landscape in the United States during the post-Civil War era? This lesson and activity examines the outcome of the election of 1876 and the terms of the agreement and compromise in 1877. Students will analyze primary source documents and answer corresponding scaffolding questions. They will answer the final summary question to apply their knowledge. Included in this resource: Do Now - Election of 1876 electoral map and scaffolding questions “Election Riddles: The Mystery of 1876” poem with critical thinking question Remembering the Amnesty Act of 1872 primary source document with vocabulary Understanding the Amnesty Act of 1872 reading passage with scaffolding questions The Election of 1876 and Compromise of 1877 reading passage with scaffolding questions Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana during the Election of 1876 inference graphic organizer and corresponding questions The End of Reconstruction reading passage with graphic organizer questions Rutherford B. Hayes’ on the Compromise of 1877 perspective and questions Samuel J. Tilden on the Compromise of 1877 perspective and questions Application/Closing/Higher-Order Thinking Assessment: Why did the Amnesty Act of 1872 have a notable impact on elections, and how did it influence the political dynamics and participation in the post-Civil War era? Answer key for teachers ★ Please make an executive decision whether or not this lesson can be executed with your students based upon the preview file. Thank you! ©2023 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Why was the election of 1872 significant in shaping the United States’ path towards national reconciliation and the subsequent passage of the Amnesty Act? This lesson and activity examines the election of 1872 and how amnesty granted to southern voters affected the outcome of the election. Students will analyze the viewpoints of Grant and Greeley and answer corresponding scaffolding questions. They will answer the final summary question to apply their knowledge. Included in this resource: Do Now - 1872 electoral map analysis questions The Election of 1872 and the Amnesty Act reading passage with scaffolding questions Ulysses S. Grant election perspective with scaffolding questions Horace Greeley election perspective with scaffolding questions Application/Closing/Higher-Order Thinking Assessment: How did the election of 1872 and the subsequent Amnesty Act impact the United States’ path toward national reconciliation and the post-Civil War era’s policies? Answer key for teachers ★ Please Note: I execute this lesson with my 8th grade honors students and my 11th grade gen-ed students. Please make an executive decision whether or not this lesson can be executed with your students based upon the preview file. Thank you! ©2023 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

How did poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses function as tools during the Reconstruction era to restrict voting rights and disproportionately impact certain groups within the population? This activity closely examines the tactics used to deter newly able people to vote. Students will analyze documents and scenarios and answer corresponding scaffolding questions. They will answer the final summary question to apply their knowledge. Included in this resource: Do Now - Voter Suppression Tactics graphic organizer refresher Voter Suppression Tactics Station Activity or Document Pass with corresponding scaffolding questions Station #1 - Voter Registration Office Station #2 - Poll Tax Payment Station #3 - Literacy Test Station #4 - Intimidation Tactics Station #5 - Gerrymandering/Unfair Voting Districts Application/Closing/Higher-Order Thinking Assessment: Why did the implementation of various voter suppression tactics during Reconstruction disproportionately affect African Americans, and how did these tactics contribute to the broader issues of systematic racism in the United States? Answer key for teachers ★ Please make an executive decision whether or not this lesson can be executed with your students based upon the preview file. Thank you! ©2023 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

How did the Radical Republicans seek to ensure civil rights for African Americans during Reconstruction? This lesson and activity examines Congressional radical Republicans reconstruction plans. Students will examine documents and provisions of radical Republican plans and draw conclusions based on their analysis. Included in this resource: Do Now primary source analysis questions - Charles Sumner on Reconstruction in the South, 1866 Who were the Radical Republicans? reading passage with questions Remembering Dred Scott v. Sandford short reading passage critical thinking prediction question Congressional Reconstruction Legislation and Amendments Activity - Students will examine reconstruction plan documents and complete a graphic organizer with conclusions based off the guided questions (documents are tiered for different learning/reading levels) Wade Davis Bill 1864 Freedmen’s Bureau Acts 1865-1866 13th Amendment 1865 Civil Rights Act 1866 Reconstruction Acts 1867 14th Amendment 1868 Enforcement Act 1870 15th Amendment 1870 Civil Rights Act 1875 What is the historical context for this legislation? What events or social changes prompted its creation? What were the goals or intended effects of the legislation? What were the key provisions or requirements of this legislation? How effective was this legislation in achieving its goals? What were the historical consequences or impact of the legislation? Application/Closing/Higher-Order Thinking Question - How did Radical Reconstruction differ from earlier attempts to rebuild and reunite the country after the Civil War? ★ Please Note: I execute this lesson with my 8th grade honors students and my 11th grade gen-ed students. Please make an executive decision whether or not this lesson can be executed with your students based upon the preview file. Thank you! ©2023 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Age of Exploration Snapshot Foldable Activity FOR GOOGLE CLASSROOM Included in this resource: • Cover Page • Age of Exploration Snapshot Foldable Task Sheet and Reminders for students • Foldable template • Age of Exploration Snapshot Foldable Rubric • Directions for teacher (to give to your students) with images The completed foldable images (to show you what the end result should be) Do your students LOVE the app Snapchat?? This popular foldable/project is a great way for them to create "snapshots" of the Age of Exploration! Students will create a collection of snapshots from the study of the Age of Exploration. The snapshot foldable booklet will include: • Title and illustration on the cover • Three “snapshots” that must include COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS exemplifying three details of the Age of Exploration • Students will write a paragraph (at least 5 sentences) next to/under each image explaining the details about your choice • Illustration on the back page of your booklet that exemplifies the Age of Exploration This foldable project can be given as in an in-class assignment/assessment or a homework assignment. It is up to teacher's discretion. ★★ Looking for the pen and paper, hard-copy version of this resource? Find it here! Age of Exploration Snapshot Activity ASSL Digital, 1:1, interactive Social Studies learning! Digital Papers by Ashley Hughes KG Fonts © 2012 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

World War II Task Cards and Recording Sheet for Student Responses Included in this product: • Title page • Full Set of 76 vocabulary words/terms/important people tasks cards in the form of a question • Answer Key Cards (you do not have to give these to students or you can after the activity) • Recording Sheet for student responses (can make enough copies for your students to answer as many questions as you’d like) This set of 76 task cards covers important people, terms, and events of the World War II unit. Terms include: Fascism Appeasement Munich Conference Blitzkrieg Allied Powers Axis Powers Battle of Berlin Winston Churchill Atlantic Charter Pearl Harbor WAC WAVES Mobilization Ration Tuskegee Airmen Interment Camps Dwight Eisenhower George Patton and more! These cards are great for stations, centers, as an independent study tool, SCOOT and other cooperative learning activities. © A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Reconstruction Introduction Activity Reconstruction Era - An Introductory, Document-Based Lesson Aim: What was America’s goal for the South after the Civil War? How did this goal succeed or fail? This lesson introduces the sensitive topic of the Reconstruction Era to your students in a document-based station activity. Students will determine the goal of the United States for the South and the affect Reconstruction had on black American freedmen after the Civil War. Included in this resource: • Reconstruction & The New South cover page • Full Lesson Plan • Student-centered Do Now question: What does it mean to “reconstruct” something? Does “reconstruction” always work? Why or why not? • Introduction to Reconstruction “Museum Walk”/Station Activity: Students walk around to each station {in cooperative groups} analyzing documents and answering scaffolding questions {5 documents/5 groups} • Application/Closing/Higher-Order Thinking Questions ★★ Please Note: I execute this lesson with my 8th grade students. Please make an executive decision whether or not this lesson can be executed with your students based upon the preview file. Thank you! If you would like more information on how to execute this lesson/activity in your class, please email me at asocialstudieslife@gmail.com. © A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Civil Rights Movement Flash Cards Included in this product: • Title page • Full Set of 50 vocabulary words/terms flash cards with definitions Terms include: • Discrimination • Racism • Segregation • CORE • NAACP • Plessy v. Ferguson • Thurgood Marshall • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas • Earl Warren • Integration • Little Rock 9 • Rosa Parks • Boycott • Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. • Civil Disobedience • John F. Kennedy • “New Frontier” • Lyndon B. Johnson • Poverty Line • Job Corps • Medicare • Medicaid • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Sit-in • Ella Baker • Robert F. Kennedy • Interstate • James Meredith • George Wallace • Medgar Evers • Register • “Freedom Summer” • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Malcolm X • “Black Power” • Feminists • NOW • Equal Rights Amendment • Sandra Day O’Connor • Latino • Cesar Chavez • American Indian Movement ★ This flash card set is a great activity to use for review. I print out a few sets, laminate back to back and have the students use them for review before a test/exam. Or, you can have the students utilize them if they “finish early!” © 2017 A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.

Prehistory and Early Humans Task Cards Recording Sheet for Student Responses Included in this product: • Title page • Full Set of 42 vocabulary words/terms/important people tasks cards in the form of a question (you don’t have to use all the cards in your activity!) • Answer Key Cards (you do not have to give these to students or you can after the activity) • Recording Sheet for student responses (can make enough copies for your students to answer as many questions as you’d like) This set of 42 task cards covers important people, terms, and events during Prehistory and Early Humans. Terms include: Artifacts Culture Archaeologists Excavated Site Anthropologists Paleontologists Fossils Mary Leakey Hominid Donald Johanson “Lucy” Australopithecines Opposable Thumbs Old Stone Age Paleolithic Age Stone Age New Stone Age Neolithic Age Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Neanderthal Cro-Magnon Technology Homo sapiens Nomad Hunter-Gatherer Slash and Burn Farming Cause of the Agricultural Revolution Domestication Catal Huyuk Shrines Civilization Advanced Cities Specialization Artisans Institution Scribes Cuneiform Bronze Age Ur Barter Ziggurat These cards are great for stations, centers, as an independent study tool, SCOOT and other cooperative learning activities. © A Social Studies Life For personal use only. Duplication for an entire school, an entire school system, or for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Please have other teachers purchase their own copy. If you are a school or district interested in purchasing several licenses, please contact me for a district-wide quote.