Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.9 - Describe experiments to investigate the effects of changes in surface area of a solid, concentration of a solution, temperature and the use of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction. Specification Point 3.10 - Describe the effects of changes in surface area of a solid, concentration of a solution, pressure of a gas, temperature and the use of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction. Specification Point 3.11 - Explain the effects of changes in surface area of a solid, concentration of a solution, pressure of a gas and temperature on the rate of a reaction in terms of particle collision theory. Specification Point 3.12 - Know that a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction, but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. Specification Point 3.13 - Know that a catalyst works by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. Specification Point 3.15 - Practical: investigate the effect of changing the surface area of marble chips and of changing the concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid. Specification Point 3.16 - Practical: investigate the effect of different solids on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Chapter 5 - Acids, Bases and Salts. Contains colour coded specification points. Five presentations included: 21 - Acids and Alkalis 22 - Titrations 23 - Acids, Bases and Salts 24 - Making Salts 25 - Chemical Tests

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.44 - Describe tests for these gases: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia and chlorine. Specification Point 2.45 - Describe how to carry out a flame test. Specification Point 2.46 - Know the colours formed in flame tests for the following cations: lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and copper. Specification Point 2.47 - Describe tests for these cations: ammonium using sodium hydroxide solution and identifying the gas evolved. Copper, iron (II) and iron (III) using sodium hydroxide solution. Specification Point 2.48 - Describe tests for these anions: chloride, bromide and iodide using acidified silver nitrate solution. Sulphates using acidified barium chloride solution and carbonates using hydrochloric acid and identifying the gas evolved. Specification Point 2.49 - Describe a test for the presence of water using anhydrous copper (II) sulphate. Specification Point 2.50 - Describe a physical test to show whether a sample of water is pure. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.40C - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an acid and alkali. Specification Point 2.41C - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt, starting from 2 soluble reactants. Specification Point 2.43C - Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry lead (II) sulphate. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.5C - Know what is meant by the term solubility in the units grams per 100 grams of solvent. Specification Point 1.6C - Understand how to plot and interpret solubility curves. Specification Point 1.7C - Practical: investigate the solubility of a solid in water at a specific temperature. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.33C - Describe how to carry out an acid-alkali titration. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Chapter 4 - Bonding. Contains colour coded specification points. Five presentations included: 16 - Group 1 Elements 17 - Group 7 Elements 18 - Atmospheric Gases 19 - Metals and the Reactivity Series 20 - The Uses of Metals

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.22C - Know that most metals are extracted from ores found in the Earth’s crust and that unreactive metals are often found as the uncombined element. Specification Point 2.23C - Explain how the method of extraction of a metal is related to its position in the reactivity series, illustrated by carbon extraction for iron and electrolysis for aluminium. Specification Point 2.24C - Be able to comment on a metal extraction process, given appropriate information. Specification Point 2.25C - Explain the uses of aluminium, copper, iron and steel in terms of their properties. Specification Point 2.26C - Know that an alloy is a mixture of a metal and one or more elements, usually other metals or carbon. Specification Point 2.27C - Explain why alloys are harder than pure metals. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.15 - Understand how metals can be arranged in a reactivity series based on their reactions with water or dilute acid. Specification Point 2.16 - Understand how metals can be arranged in a reactivity series based on displacement reactions. Specification Point 2.17 - Know the order of reactivity of these metals: potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper, silver, and gold. Specification Point 2.18 - Know the conditions under which iron rusts. Specification Point 2.19 - Understand how the rusting of iron may be prevented by barrier methods, galvanising and sacrificial protection. Specification Point 2.20 - Understand the terms oxidation, reduction, redox, oxidising agent and reducing agent in terms of the gain or loss of oxygen and the loss or gain of electrons. Specification Point 2.21 - Practical: investigate reactions between dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids and metals (e.g. magnesium, zinc and iron). Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.5 - Know the colours, physical states (at room temperature) and trends in physical properties of chlorine, bromine and iodine. Specification Point 2.6 - Use knowledge of trends in group 7 to predict the properties of other halogens. Specification Point 2.7 - Understand how displacement reactions involving halogens and halides provide evidence for the trend in reactivity in group 7. Specification Point 2.8C - Explain the trend in reactivity in group 7 in terms of electronic configurations. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.1 - Understand how the similarities in the reactions of the group 1 elements with water provide evidence for their recognition as a family of elements. Specification Point 2.2 - Understand how the differences between the reactions of the alkali metals with air and water provide evidence for the trend in reactivity in group 1. Specification Point 2.3 - Use knowledge of trends in group 1 to predict the properties of other alkali metals. Specification Point 2.4C - Explain the trend in reactivity in group 1 in terms of electronic configurations. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Chapter 3 - Bonding. Contains colour coded specification points. Four presentations included: 12 - Ionic Bonding 13 - Covalent Bonding 14 - Metallic Bonding 15 - Electrolysis

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.55C - Understand why covalent compounds do not conduct electricity. Specification Point 1.56C - Understand why ionic compounds conduct electricity only when molten or in aqueous solution. Specification Point 1.57C - Know that anion and cation are terms used to refer to negative and positive ions respectively. Specification Point 1.58C - Describe experiments to investigate electrolysis, using inert electrodes, of molten compounds and aqueous solutions and to predict the products. Specification Point 1.59C - Write ionic half-equations representing the reactions at the electrodes during electrolysis and understand why these reactions are classified as oxidation or reduction. Specification Point 1.60C - Practical: investigate the electrolysis of aqueous solutions. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.52C - Know how to represent a metallic lattice by a 2-D diagram. Specification Point 1.53C - Understand metallic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions. Specification Point 1.54C - Explain typical physical properties of metals, including electrical conductivity and malleability. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.44 - Know that a covalent bond is formed between atoms by the sharing of a pair of electrons. Specification Point 1.45 - Understand covalent bonds in terms of electrostatic attractions. Specification Point 1.46 - Understand how to use dot-and-cross diagrams to represent covalent bonds in a variety of molecules. Specification Point 1.47 - Explain why substances with a simple molecular structures are gases or liquids, or solids with low melting and boiling points. Specification Point 1.48 - Explain why the melting and boiling points of substances with simple molecular structures increase, in general, with increasing relative molecular mass. Specification Point 1.49 - Explain why substances with giant covalent structures are solids with high melting and boiling points. Specification Point 1.50 - Explain how the structures of diamond, graphite and fullerene influence their physical properties, including electrical conductivity and hardness. Specification Point 1.51 - Know that covalent compounds do not usually conduct electricity. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lectures are available.

Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Chapter 2 - Atoms and Molecules. Contains colour coded specification points. Five presentations included: 7 - Atoms and Molecules 8 - The Periodic Table 9 - Formulae and Calculations 10 - Formulae and Calculations Part 2 11 - Concentrations and Volumes

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.34C - Understand how to carry out calculations involving amount of substance, volume and concentration of solution. Specification Point 1.35C - Understand how to carry out calculations involving gas volumes and the molar volume of a gas. Complete set of Chapter 2 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.29 - Calculate reacting masses using experimental data and chemical equations. Specification Point 1.30 - Calculate percentage yield. Specification Point 1.31 - Understand how the formulae of simple compounds can be obtained experimentally, including metal oxides, water and salts containing water of crystallisation. Specification Point 1.32 - Know what is meant by the terms empirical formula and molecular formula. Specification Point 1.33 - Calculate empirical and molecular formulae from experimental data. Complete set of Chapter 2 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.25 - Understand how to write word equations and balanced chemical equations (including state symbols). Specification Point 1.26 - Calculate relative formula masses (including relative molecular masses) from relative atomic masses. Specification Point 1.27 - Know that the mole is the unit for the amount of a substance. Specification Point 1.28 - Understand how to carry out calculations involving amount of substance, relative atomic mass and relative formula mass. Complete set of Chapter 2 Lectures are available.