Removing waste products lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my separates class (Year 10-KS4). Includes: slide animations and worksheet. AQA spec link: 5.3.3 Relevant chapter: B12.2-Removing waste products . ( Note: This topic is for BIOLOGY only not for combined science students). AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 184-185 *The new specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to explain the effect on cells of osmotic changes in body fluids. Water leaves the body via the lungs during exhalation. Water, ions, and urea are lost from the skin in sweat. There is no control over water, ion, or urea loss by the lungs or skin. Excess water, ions, and urea are removed via the kidneys in the urine. If body cells lose or gain too much water by osmosis they do not function efficiently. The digestion of proteins from the diet results in excess amino acids which need to be excreted safely. In the liver these amino acids are deaminated to form ammonia. Ammonia is toxic and so it is immediately converted to urea for safe excretion.

DNA and the genome lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides and an interactive quiz. AQA spec link: 6.1.4 Relevant chapter: B13 Genetics and reproduction. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 202-203. Specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe the structure of DNA and define genome. The genetic material in the nucleus of a cell is composed of a chemical called DNA. DNA is a polymer made up of two strands forming a double helix. The DNA is contained in structures called chromosomes. A gene is a small section of DNA on a chromosome. Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein. The genome of an organism is the entire genetic material of that organism. The whole human genome has now been studied and this will have great importance for medicine in the future. Students should be able to discuss the importance of understanding the human genome. This is limited to the: • search for genes linked to different types of disease • understanding and treatment of inherited disorders • use in tracing human migration patterns from the past.

Gene expression and mutation lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). NB: BIOLOGY ONLY-HT. Designed for higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides. AQA spec link: 6.1.5 Relevant chapter: B13 Genetics and reproduction. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 206-207. Specification requires students to know the following; (HT only) Mutations occur continuously. Most do not alter the protein, or only alter it slightly so that its appearance or function is not changed. (HT only) A few mutations code for an altered protein with a different shape. An enzyme may no longer fit the substrate binding site or a structural protein may lose its strength. (HT only) Not all parts of DNA code for proteins. Non-coding parts of DNA can switch genes on and off, so variations in these areas of DNA may affect how genes are expressed.

Inheritance in action lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides and an interactive quiz. AQA spec link: 6.1.6 Relevant chapter: B13 Genetics and reproduction. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 208-209. Students should be able to explain the terms: • gamete • chromosome • gene • allele • dominant • recessive • homozygous • heterozygous • genotype • phenotype. Some characteristics are controlled by a single gene, such as: fur colour in mice; and red-green colour blindness in humans. Each gene may have different forms called alleles. The alleles present, or genotype, operate at a molecular level to develop characteristics that can be expressed as a phenotype. A dominant allele is always expressed, even if only one copy is present. A recessive allele is only expressed if two copies are present (therefore no dominant allele present). If the two alleles present are the same the organism is homozygous for that trait, but if the alleles are different they are heterozygous. Most characteristics are a result of multiple genes interacting, rather than a single gene. Students should be able to understand the concept of probability in predicting the results of a single gene cross, but recall that most phenotype features are the result of multiple genes rather than single gene inheritance. MS 2e Students should be able to use direct proportion and simple ratios to express the outcome of a genetic cross. MS 1c, 3a Students should be able to complete a Punnett square diagram and extract and interpret information from genetic crosses and family trees. MS 2c, 4a (HT only) Students should be able to construct a genetic cross by Punnett square diagram and use it to make predictions using the theory of probability.

Rate of photosynthesis lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes powerpoint timers, slide animations, embedded video's and mini review. NB: If you are unable to play embedded videos please view slide notes for link. AQA spec link: 4.4.1.1 Relevant chapter: B8 Photosynthesis. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 126-127 Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to explain the effects of temperature, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and the amount of chlorophyll on the rate of photosynthesis. Students should be able to: • measure and calculate rates of photosynthesis • extract and interpret graphs of photosynthesis rate involving one limiting factor •plot and draw appropriate graphs selecting appropriate scale for axes •translate information between graphical and numeric form. Solve simple algebraic equations. MS 1a, 1c, 2c, 4a, 4c (HT only) These factors interact and any one of them may be the factor that limits photosynthesis. (HT only) Students should be able to explain graphs of photosynthesis rate involving two or three factors and decide which is the limiting factor. (HT only) Students should understand and use inverse proportion – the inverse square law and light intensity in the context of photosynthesis. (HT only) Limiting factors are important in the economics of enhancing the conditions in greenhouses to gain the maximum rate of photosynthesis while still maintaining profit. (HT only) WS 1.4 Use data to relate limiting factors to the cost effectiveness of adding heat, light or carbon dioxide to greenhouses.

Diet, exercise and disease lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes powerpoint timers, slide animations, embedded video's, worksheet and mini review. NB: If you are unable to play embedded videos please view slide notes for link. AQA spec link: 4.2.2.6 Relevant chapter: B7 Non-communicable diseases. AQA Biology combined textbook-Page 104-105 Students are required to know the following; • discuss the human and financial cost of these non-communicable diseases to an individual, a local community, a nation, or globally • explain the effect of lifestyle factors including diet, alcohol, and smoking on the incidence of non-communicable diseases at local, national, and global levels. Risk factors are linked to an increased rate of a disease. They can be: • aspects of a person’s lifestyle • substances in the person’s body or environment. A causal mechanism has been proven for some risk factors, but not in others. • The effects of diet and exercise on cardiovascular disease. • Obesity as a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. Many diseases are caused by the interaction of a number of factors. Students should be able to understand the principles of sampling as applied to scientific data in terms of risk factors. Students should be able to translate information between graphical and numerical forms; and extract and interpret information from charts, graphs and tables in terms of risk factors. Students should be able to use a scatter diagram to identify a correlation between two variables in terms of risk factors.

The carbon cycle lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes powerpoint timers, slide animations, embedded video’s and mini review. NB: If you are unable to play embedded videos please view slide notes for link. AQA spec link: 4.7.2.2 Relevant chapter: B17 organising an ecosystem. AQA Biology Third edition textbook-Page 280-281 Students are required to know the following; Explain the importance of the carbon and water cycles to living organisms. All materials in the living world are recycled to provide the building blocks for future organisms. The carbon cycle returns carbon from organisms to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide to be used by plants in photosynthesis. The water cycle provides fresh water for plants and animals on land before draining into the seas. Water is continuously evaporated and precipitated. Students are not expected to study the nitrogen cycle. Students should be able to explain the role of microorganisms in cycling materials through an ecosystem by returning carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and mineral ions to the soil.

Rates of decomposition lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a separate class only, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Required practical has been taught in a separate lesson. Includes powerpoint timers, slide animations, embedded video’s and mini review. NB: If you are unable to play embedded videos please view slide notes for link. AQA spec link: 4.7.2.3 Relevant chapter: B17 organising an ecosystem. AQA Biology Third edition textbook-Page 282-283 Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to explain how temperature, water and availability of oxygen affect the rate of decay of biological material. Students should be able to: • calculate rate changes in the decay of biological material Gardeners and farmers try to provide optimum conditions for rapid decay of waste biological material. The compost produced is used as a natural fertiliser for growing garden plants or crops. Anaerobic decay produces methane gas. Biogas generators can be used to produce methane gas as a fuel.

Germination Practical (RP 8). This practical was completed in 2 lessons. Students are required to collect data outside of lesson time. I’ve attached both lessons, mock data (lesson 2) and a sign in sheet so you can create your own groups and student rota. Good luck! Lesson 1: Demo provided, students set up their practical, three conditions were created; full light-by windowsill, partial light-underneath windowsill and darkness-cupboard. The remainder of the lesson was spent discussing how to collect data, the student rota was explained. Students also used this time to assign roles to one another. Opportunity to collect data at break/lunch over 7 days (excluding weekends). Lesson 2: Interpreting data, working out averages, plotting graph, biological drawings. Conclusion and evaluation of practical was given as homework. Overall, this practical was very easy to set up but very fiddly to organise. Students need to take active approach as this practical needs to be done over 7 consecutive days, ownership to students. Mustard seeds were quick to germinate but were very poor at demonstrating phototropism. I would probably use coriander seeds next time. Also in the dark condition shoots grew very long, this confused students as light was absent (due to Etiolation), to complex for GCSE students to comprehend. Spec ref: 5.4.1 Required practical: Investigate the effect of light or gravity on the growth of newly germinated seedlings. Record results as both length measurements and as careful, labelled biological drawings to show the effects.

Types of reproduction lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides as well as a quiz. AQA spec link: 6.1.1 Relevant chapter: B13 Genetics and reproduction. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 196-197. Specification requires students to know the following; Students should understand that meiosis leads to non-identical cells being formed while mitosis leads to identical cells being formed. Sexual reproduction involves the joining (fusion) of male and female gametes: • sperm and egg cells in animals • pollen and egg cells in flowering plants. In sexual reproduction there is mixing of genetic information which leads to variety in the offspring. The formation of gametes involves meiosis. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and no fusion of gametes. There is no mixing of genetic information. This leads to genetically identical offspring (clones). Only mitosis is involved. Biology only-6.1.3 Advantages of sexual reproduction: • produces variation in the offspring • if the environment changes variation gives a survival advantage by natural selection • natural selection can be speeded up by humans in selective breeding to increase food production. Advantages of asexual reproduction: • only one parent needed • more time and energy efficient as do not need to find a mate • faster than sexual reproduction • many identical offspring can be produced when conditions are favourable Good luck with your lesson!

Evidence for evolution lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides, worksheet and an interactive quiz. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.3.4 Relevant chapter: B15 Genetics and evolution. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 242-243 Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to describe the evidence for evolution including fossils and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The theory of evolution by natural selection is now widely accepted. Evidence for Darwin’s theory is now available as it has been shown that characteristics are passed on to offspring in genes. There is further evidence in the fossil record and the knowledge of how resistance to antibiotics evolves in bacteria.

ATP & Glycolysis lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Biology 7402 Specification (2017) . Topic: 5- Energy transfers in and between organisms. Designed for highly able A-level class. *NB: There is enough material for a double lesson * Includes: questions, embedded videos, slide timers, slide animations, interactive answers on slides, worksheet and a plenary. AQA Specification reference: 3.5.2 Kreb cycle and Oxidative phoshorylation has NOT been included in this lesson although an overview of these processes has been provided.

This lesson has been created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my combined/additional science class (Year 9-KS4). Includes: slide animations, embedded video, worksheet, quiz, practice exam questions and answers have also been included within the slides. This resource is suitable for separate science students. AQA spec link: Relevant chapter: B5-Communicable diseases . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 90-91. *The new specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe the non-specific defence systems of the human body against pathogens, including the: • skin • nose • trachea and bronchi • stomach. Students should be able to explain the role of the immune system in the defence against disease. If a pathogen enters the body the immune system tries to destroy the pathogen. White blood cells help to defend against pathogens by: • phagocytosis • antibody production • antitoxin production.

Genetic engineering lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability (trilogy/combined) class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.2.4 Relevant chapter: B13 Variation and evolution. AQA Biology trilogy edition textbook-Page 186-187. Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to explain the potential benefits and risks of genetic engineering in agriculture and in medicine and that some people have objections. Concerns about GM crops include the effect on populations of wild flowers and insects. Some people feel the effects of eating GM crops on human health have not been fully explored.

This lesson has been created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my combined/additional science class (Year 9-KS4). Includes: slide animations, embedded video, worksheet and answers have also been included within the slides. This resource is suitable for separate science students. AQA spec link: 4.3.1.4 and 4.3.1.5 Relevant chapter: B5-Communicable diseases . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 88-89. *The new specification requires students to know the following; Rose black spot is a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early. It affects the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced. It is spread in the environment by water or wind. Rose black spot can be treated by using fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected leaves. The pathogens that cause malaria are protists. The malarial protist has a life cycle that includes the mosquito. Malaria causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal. The spread of malaria is controlled by preventing the vectors, mosquitos, from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.

Hormones and menstrual cycle lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1) for my separates class (Year 10-KS4). Includes: slide animations, embedded video, worksheet and practice questions with mark scheme. This resource is suitable for combined science students. *Note-For higher tier only* AQA spec link:5.3.4 Relevant chapter: B11 -Hormonal coordination . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 170-171. *The new specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to explain the interactions of FSH, oestrogen, LH and progesterone, in the control of the menstrual cycle. Students should be able to extract and interpret data from graphs showing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle.

The impact of change lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. This lesson Includes powerpoint timers, slide animations, self-assessment, interactive mark scheme, embedded videos and review. For general enquiries or support please email: Paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com ***Paper friendly tips: Only print slide 8 for students that cannot see the board clearly. Print the worksheet as two pages to one, this will need to be quarted with a guillotine and you’ll have enough for four students! NB: If you are unable to play embedded videos please view slide notes for link. * AQA spec link: 4.7.2.4 Relevant chapter: B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 296-297 Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to evaluate the impact of environmental changes on the distribution of species in an ecosystem given appropriate information. Environmental changes affect the distribution of species in an ecosystem. These changes include: •• temperature •• availability of water •• composition of atmospheric gases. The changes may be seasonal, geographic or caused by human interaction. WS 1.4 There are links with this content to Biodiversity and the effect of human interaction on ecosystems.