In this lesson I cover: Identify and classify costs: Classifying costs using examples, e.g. fixed, variable, average, total Use cost data to help make simple cost-based decisions, e.g. to stop production or continue Economics and diseconomies of scale: The concept of economies of scale with examples, e.g. purchasing, marketing, financial, managerial, technical The concept of diseconomies of scale with examples, e.g. poor communication, lack of commitment from employees, weak coordination Break-even analysis: The concept of break-even Construct, complete or amend a simple break-even chart Interpret a given chart and use it to analyse a situation Calculate break-even output from given data Define, calculate and interpret the margin of safety Use break-even analysis to help make simple decisions, e.g. impact of higher price Understand the limitations of break-even analysis

In this PowerPoint presentation I cover: Why new business ideas come about: * changes in technology * changes in what consumers want * products and services becoming obsolete. How new business ideas come about: * original ideas * adapting existing products/services/ideas. There are also 5 questions at the end to help students remember the key points of the presentation.

In this lesson I cover: Marketing strategy Justify marketing strategies appropriate to a given situation: * Importance of different elements of the marketing mix in influencing consumer decisions in given circumstances * Recommend and justify an appropriate marketing strategy in given circumstances The nature and impact of legal controls related to marketing: * Impact of legal controls on marketing strategy, e.g. misleading promotion, faulty and dangerous goods The opportunities and problems of entering new foreign markets: * Growth potential of new markets in other countries * Problems of entering foreign markets, e.g. cultural differences and lack of knowledge * Benefits and limitations of methods to overcome such problems, e.g. joint ventures, licensing

In this lesson I cover: The need for business finance: The main reasons why businesses need finance, e.g. start-up capital, capital for expansion and additional working capital Understand the difference between short-term and long-term finance needs The main sources of finance: Internal sources and external sources with examples Short-term and long-term sources with examples, e.g. overdraft for short-term finance and debt or equity for long-term finance Importance of alternative sources of capital, e.g. micro-finance, crowd-funding The main factors considered in making the financial choice, e.g. size and legal form of business, amount required, length of time, existing loans there is also an activity for students to get involved and remember.

In this lesson I cover: draw, interpret and understand simple organisational charts: Simple hierarchical structures: span of control, levels of hierarchy, chain of command Roles and responsibilities of directors, managers, supervisors, other employees in an organisation and inter-relationships between them The role of management: Functions of management, e.g. planning, organising, coordinating, commanding and controlling Importance of delegation; trust versus control Leadership styles: Features of the main leadership styles, e.g. autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire Trade unions: What a trade union is and the effects of employees being union members there are also 2 activity students can undertake to help them remember the topics discussed.

This is a word document with 6 tips and advice on how to achieve high grade in IGCSE English as a Second Language (ESL) I have also included some useful links to help you with your exam. Thank you in advance for taking these tips into account. Good luck for your exam.

In this lesson I cover: Profitability: The concept and importance of profitability Liquidity: The concept and importance of liquidity How to interpret the financial performance of a business by calculating and analysing profitability ratios and liquidity ratios: Gross profit margin Profit margin Return on Capital Employed Current ratio Acid test ratio Why and how accounts are used: Needs of different users of accounts and ratio analysis How users of accounts and ratio results might use information to help make decisions, e.g. whether to lend to or invest in the business I have also created a task students to help students remember the main outcomes of this lesson.

In this lesson, I cover the following: Internal and external communication Why effective communication is important and the methods used to achieve it: * Effective communication and its importance to business * Benefits and limitations of different communication methods including those based on information technology (IT) * Recommend and justify which communication method to use in given circumstances Demonstrate an awareness of communication barriers: How communication barriers arise and problems of ineffective communication; how communication barriers can be reduced or removed I have also inculded a task for students to complete.

In this lesson I cover: The importance of globalisation: * The concept of globalisation and the reasons for it * Opportunities and threats of globalisation for businesses * Why governments might introduce import tariffs and import quotas Reasons for the importance and growth of multinational companies (MNCs): Benefits to a business of becoming a multinational and the impact on its stakeholders Potential benefits to a country and/or economy where a MNC is located, e.g. jobs, exports, increased choice, investment Potential drawbacks to a country and/or economy where a MNC is located, e.g. reduced sales of local businesses, repatriation of profits The impact of exchange rate changes: Depreciation and appreciation of an exchange rate How exchange rate changes can affect businesses as importers and exporters of products, e.g. prices, competitiveness, profitability (exchange rate calculations will not be assessed) I have also included some questions to help students remember the key points.

In this lesson I cover: The importance of cash and of cash-flow forecasting: Why cash is important to a business What a cash-flow forecast is, how a simple one is constructed and the importance of it Amend or complete a simple cash-flow forecast How to interpret a simple cash-flow forecast How a short-term cash-flow problem might be overcome, e.g. increasing loans, delaying payments, asking debtors to pay more quickly Working capital: The concept and importance of working capital There is also a task at the end to help students remember what they have learnt in the lesson.

In this less I cover the following: Recruitment and selecting employees:  * Recruitment and selection methods * Difference between internal recruitment and external recruitment * Main stages in recruitment and selection of employees * Benefits and limitations of part-time employees and full-time employees The importance of training and the methods of training: * Importance of training to a business and to employees * Benefits and limitations of induction training, on-the-job training and off-the-job training Why reducing the size of the workforce might be necessary: * Difference between dismissal and redundancy * Understand situations in which downsizing the workforce might be necessary, e.g. automation or reduced demand for products Legal controls over employment contracts, unfair dismissal, discrimination, health and safety, legal minimum wage

The importance of a well-motivated workforce: Why people work and what motivation means The benefits of a well-motivated workforce: labour productivity, reduced absenteeism and labour turnover Key motivational theories: Taylor, Herzberg and Maslow’s hierarch Methods of motivation: Financial rewards, e.g. wage, salary, bonus, commission and profit sharing Non-financial methods, e.g. job enrichment, job rotation, team working, training, opportunities for promotion I have also made an activity for students to work on.

In this lesson, I cover. Marketing Mix 4 P’s Technology and the Marketing Mix

In this lesson I cover: The meaning of production: Managing resources effectively to produce goods and services Difference between production and productivity Benefits of increasing efficiency and how to increase it, e.g. increasing productivity by automation and technology, improved labour skills Why businesses hold inventories The concept of lean production: how to achieve it, e.g. just-in-time inventory control and Kaizen; benefits of lean production The main methods of production: Features, benefits and limitations of job, batch and flow production Recommend and justify an appropriate production method for a given situation How technology has changed production methods: e.g. using computers in design and manufacturing

In this lesson I cover: What profit is and why it is important: How a profit is made Importance of profit to private sector businesses, e.g. reward for risk-taking/enterprise, source of finance Difference between profit and cash Income statements: Main features of an income statement, e.g. revenue, cost of sales, gross profit, profit and retained profit Use simple income statements in decision making based on profit calculations (constructing income statements will not be assessed) Explaining what Statement of financial position The main elements of a statement of financial position: The main classifications of assets and liabilities, using examples Interpret a simple statement of financial position and make deductions from it, e.g. how a business is financing its activities and what assets it owns, sale of inventories to raise finance (constructing statements of financial position will not be assessed) There is also a Task for students to complete to help them remember this topic.

Ansoff Matrix Explained

Cash flow activity

Operational Targets