Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (d) Cloning 5.17B describe the process of micropropagation (tissue culture) in which explants are grown in vitro 5.18B understand how micropropagation can be used to produce commercial quantities of genetically identical plants with desirable characteristics 5.19B describe the stages in the production of cloned mammals involving the introduction of a diploid nucleus from a mature cell into an enucleated egg cell, illustrated by Dolly the sheep 5.20B understand how cloned transgenic animals can be used to produce human proteins

Designed for the new specification IGCSE edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (a) Reproduction 3.1  understand the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction 3.2  understand that fertilisation involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo Flowering plants 3.3  describe the structures of an insect-pollinated and a wind-pollinated flower and explain how each is adapted for pollination 3.4  understand that the growth of the pollen tube followed by fertilisation leads to seed and fruit formation 3.5  practical: investigate the conditions needed for seed germination 3.6  understand how germinating seeds utilise food reserves until the seedling can carry out photosynthesis 3.7  understand that plants can reproduce asexually by natural methods (illustrated by runners) and by artificial methods (illustrated by cuttings)

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (g) Gas exchange Humans 2.46 describe the structure of the thorax, including the ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and pleural membranes 2.47 understand the role of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in ventilation 2.48 explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries 2.49 understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease 2.50 practical: investigate breathing in humans, including the release of carbon dioxide and the effect of exercise

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (f) Respiration 2.34 understand how the process of respiration produces ATP in living organisms 2.35 know that ATP provides energy for cells 2.36 describe the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration 2.37 know the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms 2.38 know the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and in animals 2.39 practical: investigate the evolution of carbon dioxide and heat from respiring seeds or other suitable living organisms Contains exam style questions.

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (d) Human influences on the environment 4.12  understand the biological consequences of pollution of air by sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide 4.13  understand that water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and CFCs are greenhouse gases 4.14  understand how human activities contribute to greenhouse gases 4.15  understand how an increase in greenhouse gases results in an enhanced greenhouse effect and that this may lead to global warming and its consequences 4.16  understand the biological consequences of pollution of water by sewage 4.17  understand the biological consequences of eutrophication caused by leached minerals from fertiliser 4.18B understand the effects of deforestation, including leaching, soil erosion, disturbance of evapotranspiration and the carbon cycle, and the balance of atmospheric gases

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: © Genetic modification (genetic engineering) 5.12  understand how restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sites and ligase enzymes are used to join pieces of DNA together 5.13  understand how plasmids and viruses can act as vectors, which take up pieces of DNA, and then insert this recombinant DNA into other cells 5.14  understand how large amounts of human insulin can be manufactured from genetically modified bacteria that are grown in a fermenter 5.15  understand how genetically modified plants can be used to improve food production 5.16  understand that the term transgenic means the transfer of genetic material from one species to a different species

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (a) Food production Crop plants 5.1  describe how glasshouses and polythene tunnels can be used to increase the yield of certain crops 5.2  understand the effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses 5.3  understand how the use of fertiliser can increase crop yield 5.4  understand the reasons for pest control and the advantages and disadvantages of using pesticides and biological control with crop plants

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 24 slides covering Discovery and development of drugs By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: Students should be able to describe the process of discovery and development of potential new medicines, including preclinical and clinical testing. Traditionally drugs were extracted from plants and microorganisms. • The heart drug digitalis originates from foxgloves. • The painkiller aspirin originates from willow. • Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming from the Penicillium mould. Most new drugs are synthesised by chemists in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the starting point may still be a chemical extracted from a plant. New medical drugs have to be tested and trialled before being used to check that they are safe and effective. New drugs are extensively tested for toxicity, efficacy and dose. Preclinical testing is done in a laboratory using cells, tissues and live animals. Clinical trials use healthy volunteers and patients. • Very low doses of the drug are given at the start of the clinical trial. • If the drug is found to be safe, further clinical trials are carried out to find the optimum dose for the drug. • In double blind trials, some patients are given a placebo.

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (b) Feeding relationships 4.6  understand the names given to different trophic levels, including producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers and decomposers 4.7  understand the concepts of food chains, food webs, pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of energy transfer 4.8  understand the transfer of substances and energy along a food chain 4.9  understand why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

Designed for the new specification IGCSE edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: Humans 3.8  understand how the structure of the male and female reproductive systems are adapted for their functions 3.9  understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle 3.10B understand the roles of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle 3.11  describe the role of the placenta in the nutrition of the developing embryo 3.12  understand how the developing embryo is protected by amniotic fluid 3.13  understand the roles of oestrogen and testosterone in the development of secondary sexual characteristics

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: © Cycles within ecosystems 4.10 describe the stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition and combustion 4.11B describe the stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria (specific names of bacteria are not required)

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: The organism in the environment 4.1 understand the terms population, community, habitat and ecosystem 4.2 practical: investigate the population size of an organism in two different areas using quadrats 4.3B understand the term biodiversity 4.4B practical: investigate the distribution of organisms in their habitats and measure biodiversity using quadrats 4.5 understand how abiotic and biotic factors affect the population size and distribution of organisms

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE( covers spec point 4.7.1 ) course but can be modified for other exam boards. 38 slides covering adaptations : 4.7.1.1 Communities 4.7.1.2 Abiotic factors 4.7.1.3 Biotic factors 4.7.1.4 Adaptations

Designed for the new specification IGCSE edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: 2.80  understand how organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment 2.81  understand that homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, and that body water content and body temperature are both examples of homeostasis 2.82  understand that a co-ordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector Flowering plants 2.83  understand that plants respond to stimuli 2.84  describe the geotropic and phototropic responses of roots and stems 2.85  understand the role of auxin in the phototropic response of stems

Designed for the new specification IGCSE edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: Humans 2.86  describe how nervous and hormonal communication control responses and understand the differences between the two systems 2.87  understand that the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and is linked to sense organs by nerves 2.88  understand that stimulation of receptors in the sense organs sends electrical impulses along nerves into and out of the central nervous system, resulting in rapid responses 2.89  understand the role of neurotransmitters at synapses 2.90  describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from a hot object 2.91  describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor 2.92  understand the function of the eye in focusing on near and distant objects, and in responding to changes in light intensity 2.93  describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, vasoconstriction and vasodilation 2.94  understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen 2.95B understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, FSH and LH

Designed for the new specification International A-level edexcel course but can be modified for other exam boards. 37 slides covering The chemistry of life (water) By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: Understand the importance of water as a solvent in transport, including its dipole nature.

Designed for the new specification International A-level edexcel course but can be modified for other exam boards. 41 slides covering Carbohydrates By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: -What is the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. -Explain how disaccharides are formed. -Be able to relate the structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides to their roles. -Use a semi-quantitative method with Benedict’s reagent to estimate the concentrations of reducing sugars and with iodine solution to estimate the concentrations of starch.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 53 slides covering Food production: By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.7.5.1 Factors affecting food security 4.7.5.2 Farming techniques 4.7.5.3 Sustainable fisheries 4.7.5.4 Role of biotechnology

Designed for the new specification International A-level edexcel course but can be modified for other exam boards. 37 slides covering Proteins By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: Know the structure of protein. Describe how polypeptides are made. Describe the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure and function of proteins. Know the structure of a globular protein and a fibrous protein and understand how their structures relate to their functions. Use a semi-quantitative method to estimate protein concentration using biuret reagent and colour standards. Includes practical details and a task using molecular models.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 24 slide covering Genetic engineering By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.6.2.4 Genetic engineering