Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE( covers spec point 4.7.2 ) course but can be modified for other exam boards. 20 slides covering How materials are cycled (carbon cycle and water cycle): 4.7.2.2 How materials are cycled

Designed for the new specification IGCSE edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: ( c ) Biological molecules 2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils) 2.8 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugars, protein from amino acids, and lipid from fatty acids and glycerol 2.9 practical: investigate food samples for the presence of glucose, starch, protein and fat 2.10 understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions 2.11 understand how temperature changes can affect enzyme function, including changes to the shape of active site 2.12 practical: investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature 2.13 understand how enzyme function can be affected by changes in pH altering the active site  2.14B practical: investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in pH Contains exam style questions

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 24 slides covering Discovery and development of drugs By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: Students should be able to describe the process of discovery and development of potential new medicines, including preclinical and clinical testing. Traditionally drugs were extracted from plants and microorganisms. • The heart drug digitalis originates from foxgloves. • The painkiller aspirin originates from willow. • Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming from the Penicillium mould. Most new drugs are synthesised by chemists in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the starting point may still be a chemical extracted from a plant. New medical drugs have to be tested and trialled before being used to check that they are safe and effective. New drugs are extensively tested for toxicity, efficacy and dose. Preclinical testing is done in a laboratory using cells, tissues and live animals. Clinical trials use healthy volunteers and patients. • Very low doses of the drug are given at the start of the clinical trial. • If the drug is found to be safe, further clinical trials are carried out to find the optimum dose for the drug. • In double blind trials, some patients are given a placebo.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 17 slides covering Cell division (chromosomes, mitosis and the cell cycle) By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.1.2.1 Chromosomes The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes made of DNA molecules. Each chromosome carries a large number of genes. In body cells the chromosomes are normally found in pairs. **4.1.2.2 Mitosis and the cell cycle ** Cells divide in a series of stages called the cell cycle. Students should be able to describe the stages of the cell cycle, including mitosis. During the cell cycle the genetic material is doubled and then divided into two identical cells. Before a cell can divide it needs to grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria. The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome. In mitosis one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides. Finally the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two identical cells. Students need to understand the three overall stages of the cell cycle but do not need to know the different phases of the mitosis stage. Cell division by mitosis is important in the growth and development of multicellular organisms. Students should be able to recognise and describe situations in given contexts where mitosis is occurring.

Designed for the new specification International A-level edexcel course but can be modified for other exam boards. 20 slides covering The organisation of cells By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: -How the cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues. -How the tissues are organised into organs. -How the organs are organised into organ systems. Powerpoint contains exam questions

Designed for the new specification International A-level edexcel course but can be modified for other exam boards. 18 slides covering Mitosis By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: -Understand the cell cycle’s role in the production of identical daughter cells for growth and asexual reproduction. -Know how to calculate mitotic indices. Powerpoint contains exam questions

Designed for the new specification International A-level edexcel course but can be modified for other exam boards. 21 slides covering The cell cycle By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: -The cell cycle’s role in the production of identical daughter cells for growth and asexual reproduction. Powerpoint contains exam questions

There are two worksheets: covers the structure and function of a leaf. cover photosynthesis and factors that affect photosynthesis. This worksheet can be used for pupils on the GCSE/IGCSE course. It can also be used to help A-level pupils review prior learning. Worksheet comes in PDF form.

Worksheet with model answers to go through the key structures. Sutiable for the IGCSE/GCSE course. Print on A3 and colour for best results. No Answers included

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (d) Cloning 5.17B describe the process of micropropagation (tissue culture) in which explants are grown in vitro 5.18B understand how micropropagation can be used to produce commercial quantities of genetically identical plants with desirable characteristics 5.19B describe the stages in the production of cloned mammals involving the introduction of a diploid nucleus from a mature cell into an enucleated egg cell, illustrated by Dolly the sheep 5.20B understand how cloned transgenic animals can be used to produce human proteins

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 20 slides covering Stem cells. By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of giving rise to many more cells of the same type, and from which certain other cells can arise from differentiation. Students should be able to describe the function of stem cells in embryos, in adult animals and in the meristems in plants. Stem cells from human embryos can be cloned and made to differentiate into most different types of human cells. Stem cells from adult bone marrow can form many types of cells including blood cells. Meristem tissue in plants can differentiate into any type of plant cell, throughout the life of the plant. Knowledge and understanding of stem cell techniques are not required. Treatment with stem cells may be able to help conditions such as diabetes and paralysis. In therapeutic cloning an embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient. Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected by the patient’s body so they may be used for medical treatment. The use of stem cells has potential risks such as transfer of viral infection, and some people have ethical or religious objections. Stem cells from meristems in plants can be used to produce clones of plants quickly and economically. • Rare species can be cloned to protect from extinction. • Crop plants with special features such as disease resistance can be cloned to produce large numbers of identical plants for farmers.

Designed for the new specification IGCSE edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (b) Inheritance 3.14 understand that the genome is the entire DNA of an organism and that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein 3.15 understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located 3.16B describe a DNA molecule as two strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a series of paired bases: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine © with guanine (G) 3.17B understand that an RNA molecule is single stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) 3.18B describe the stages of protein synthesis including transcription and translation, including the role of mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, codons and anticodons 3.19 understand how genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics 3.20 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype 3.21B understand the meaning of the term codominance 3.22 understand that most phenotypic features are the result of polygenic inheritance rather than single genes 3.23 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram 3.24 understand how to interpret family pedigrees 3.25 predict probabilities of outcomes from monohybrid crosses 3.26 understand how the sex of a person is controlled by one pair of chromosomes, XX in a female and XY in a male 3.27 describe the determination of the sex of offspring at fertilisation, using a genetic diagram 3.28 understand how division of a diploid cell by mitosis produces two cells that contain identical sets of chromosomes 3.29 understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction 3.30 understand how division of a cell by meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, and that this results in the formation of genetically different haploid gametes 3.31 understand how random fertilisation produces genetic variation of offspring 3.32 know that in human cells the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 and the haploid number is 23 3.33 understand that variation within a species can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both 3.34 understand that mutation is a rare, random change in genetic material that can be inherited 3.35B understand how a change in DNA can affect the phenotype by altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein 3.36B understand how most genetic mutations have no effect on the phenotype, some have a small effect and rarely do they have a significant effect 3.38 explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection 3.39 understand how resistance to antibiotics can increase in bacterial populations, and appreciate how such an increase can lead to infections being difficult to control

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (b) Feeding relationships 4.6  understand the names given to different trophic levels, including producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers and decomposers 4.7  understand the concepts of food chains, food webs, pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of energy transfer 4.8  understand the transfer of substances and energy along a food chain 4.9  understand why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 23 slides covering the The heart and blood vessels. By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: Students should know the structure and functioning of the human heart and lungs, including how lungs are adapted for gaseous exchange. The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body. Knowledge of the blood vessels associated with the heart is limited to the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and coronary arteries. Knowledge of the names of the heart valves is not required. Knowledge of the lungs is restricted to the trachea, bronchi, alveoli and the capillary network surrounding the alveoli. The natural resting heart rate is controlled by a group of cells located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker. Artificial pacemakers are electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rate. The body contains three different types of blood vessel: • arteries • veins • capillaries. Students should be able to explain how the structure of these vessels relates to their functions. Students should be able to use simple compound measures such as rate and carry out rate calculations for blood flow.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 17 slides covering Metabolism. By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.4.2.3 Metabolism Students should be able to explain the importance of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol in the synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body. The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules. Metabolism includes: conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins respiration breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 21 slides covering The nervous system By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.5.2.1 Structure and function Students should be able to explain how the structure of the nervous system is adapted to its functions. The nervous system enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour. Information from receptors passes along cells (neurones) as electrical impulses to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is the brain and spinal cord. The CNS coordinates the response of effectors which may be muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones. stimulus --> receptor --> coordinator -->effector -->response Students should be able to explain how the various structures in a reflex arc – including the sensory neurone, synapse, relay neurone and motor neurone – relate to their function. Students should understand why reflex actions are important. Reflex actions are automatic and rapid; they do not involve the conscious part of the brain. Required practical activity 7: plan and carry out an investigation into the effect of a factor on human reaction time.

Free resource that can be used as part of your powerpoint when teaching the topic. The last slide can be printed for your pupils to annotate. It’s not inteded to be a full lesson.

Free resource that can be used as part of your powerpoint when teaching the topic. The last slide can be printed for your pupils to annotate. It’s not inteded to be a full lesson.

Free resource that can be used as part of your powerpoint when teaching the topic. It’s not inteded to be a full lesson.