Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (e) Nutrition Flowering plants 2.18 understand the process of photosynthesis and its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy 2.19 know the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis 2.20 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis 2.21 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis 2.22 understand that plants require mineral ions for growth, and that magnesium ions are needed for chlorophyll and nitrate ions are needed for amino acids 2.23 practical: investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (d) Cloning 5.17B describe the process of micropropagation (tissue culture) in which explants are grown in vitro 5.18B understand how micropropagation can be used to produce commercial quantities of genetically identical plants with desirable characteristics 5.19B describe the stages in the production of cloned mammals involving the introduction of a diploid nucleus from a mature cell into an enucleated egg cell, illustrated by Dolly the sheep 5.20B understand how cloned transgenic animals can be used to produce human proteins

Designed for the new specification IGCSE edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (b) Inheritance 3.14 understand that the genome is the entire DNA of an organism and that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein 3.15 understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located 3.16B describe a DNA molecule as two strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a series of paired bases: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine © with guanine (G) 3.17B understand that an RNA molecule is single stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) 3.18B describe the stages of protein synthesis including transcription and translation, including the role of mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, codons and anticodons 3.19 understand how genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics 3.20 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype 3.21B understand the meaning of the term codominance 3.22 understand that most phenotypic features are the result of polygenic inheritance rather than single genes 3.23 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram 3.24 understand how to interpret family pedigrees 3.25 predict probabilities of outcomes from monohybrid crosses 3.26 understand how the sex of a person is controlled by one pair of chromosomes, XX in a female and XY in a male 3.27 describe the determination of the sex of offspring at fertilisation, using a genetic diagram 3.28 understand how division of a diploid cell by mitosis produces two cells that contain identical sets of chromosomes 3.29 understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction 3.30 understand how division of a cell by meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, and that this results in the formation of genetically different haploid gametes 3.31 understand how random fertilisation produces genetic variation of offspring 3.32 know that in human cells the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 and the haploid number is 23 3.33 understand that variation within a species can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both 3.34 understand that mutation is a rare, random change in genetic material that can be inherited 3.35B understand how a change in DNA can affect the phenotype by altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein 3.36B understand how most genetic mutations have no effect on the phenotype, some have a small effect and rarely do they have a significant effect 3.38 explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection 3.39 understand how resistance to antibiotics can increase in bacterial populations, and appreciate how such an increase can lead to infections being difficult to control

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (b) Feeding relationships 4.6  understand the names given to different trophic levels, including producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers and decomposers 4.7  understand the concepts of food chains, food webs, pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of energy transfer 4.8  understand the transfer of substances and energy along a food chain 4.9  understand why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

Designed for the new specification IGCSE edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: Humans 3.8  understand how the structure of the male and female reproductive systems are adapted for their functions 3.9  understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle 3.10B understand the roles of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle 3.11  describe the role of the placenta in the nutrition of the developing embryo 3.12  understand how the developing embryo is protected by amniotic fluid 3.13  understand the roles of oestrogen and testosterone in the development of secondary sexual characteristics

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE( covers spec point 4.7.2 ) course but can be modified for other exam boards. 11 slides covering Impact of environmental change: 4.7.2.4 Impact of environmental change (biology only) (HT only)

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 27 slides covering Monoclonal antibodies By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.3.2.1 Producing monoclonal antibodies 4.3.2.2 Uses of monoclonal antibodies

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 17 slides covering Metabolism. By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.4.2.3 Metabolism Students should be able to explain the importance of sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol in the synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body. The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules. Metabolism includes: conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins respiration breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 21 slides covering Homeostasis By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.5.1 Homeostasis Students should be able to explain that homeostasis is the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes. Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action and all cell functions. In the human body, these include control of: • blood glucose concentration • body temperature • water levels. These automatic control systems may involve nervous responses or chemical responses. All control systems include: • cells called receptors, which detect stimuli (changes in the environment) • coordination centres (such as the brain, spinal cord and pancreas) that receive and process information from receptors • effectors, muscles or glands, which bring about responses which restore optimum levels.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 21 slides covering The nervous system By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.5.2.1 Structure and function Students should be able to explain how the structure of the nervous system is adapted to its functions. The nervous system enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour. Information from receptors passes along cells (neurones) as electrical impulses to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is the brain and spinal cord. The CNS coordinates the response of effectors which may be muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones. stimulus --> receptor --> coordinator -->effector -->response Students should be able to explain how the various structures in a reflex arc – including the sensory neurone, synapse, relay neurone and motor neurone – relate to their function. Students should understand why reflex actions are important. Reflex actions are automatic and rapid; they do not involve the conscious part of the brain. Required practical activity 7: plan and carry out an investigation into the effect of a factor on human reaction time.

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: a) Food production Fish farming 5.9B understand the methods used to farm large numbers of fish to provide a source of protein, including maintaining water quality, controlling intraspecific and interspecific predation, controlling disease, removing waste products, controlling the quality and frequency of feeding, and selective breeding

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: © Genetic modification (genetic engineering) 5.12  understand how restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sites and ligase enzymes are used to join pieces of DNA together 5.13  understand how plasmids and viruses can act as vectors, which take up pieces of DNA, and then insert this recombinant DNA into other cells 5.14  understand how large amounts of human insulin can be manufactured from genetically modified bacteria that are grown in a fermenter 5.15  understand how genetically modified plants can be used to improve food production 5.16  understand that the term transgenic means the transfer of genetic material from one species to a different species

Designed for the new specification IGCSE Edexcel course but can be used for other examination boards. Covers: (a) Food production Crop plants 5.1  describe how glasshouses and polythene tunnels can be used to increase the yield of certain crops 5.2  understand the effects on crop yield of increased carbon dioxide and increased temperature in glasshouses 5.3  understand how the use of fertiliser can increase crop yield 5.4  understand the reasons for pest control and the advantages and disadvantages of using pesticides and biological control with crop plants

Designed for the new specification International A-level edexcel course but can be modified for other exam boards. 22 slides covering Lipids By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: State the importance of lipids. Describe the structure of Triglycerides. Describe the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Includes two practical/demo activities

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 29 slides covering Inheritance: By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: 4.6.1.6 Genetic inheritance 4.6.1.7 Inherited disorders 4.6.1.8 Sex determination

Designed for the new specification International A-level edexcel course but can be modified for other exam boards. 37 slides covering Proteins By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: Know the structure of protein. Describe how polypeptides are made. Describe the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure and function of proteins. Know the structure of a globular protein and a fibrous protein and understand how their structures relate to their functions. Use a semi-quantitative method to estimate protein concentration using biuret reagent and colour standards. Includes practical details and a task using molecular models.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 32 slides covering Diffusion. (contains a optional practical) By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: Substances may move into and out of cells across the cell membranes via diffusion. Diffusion is the spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Some of the substances transported in and out of cells by diffusion are oxygen and carbon dioxide in gas exchange, and of the waste product urea from cells into the blood plasma for excretion in the kidney. Students should be able to explain how different factors affect the rate of diffusion. Factors which affect the rate of diffusion are: the difference in concentrations (concentration gradient) the temperature the surface area of the membrane. A single-celled organism has a relatively large surface area to volume ratio. This allows sufficient transport of molecules into and out of the cell to meet the needs of the organism. Students should be able to calculate and compare surface area to volume ratios. Students should be able to explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms in terms of surface area to volume ratio. Students should be able to explain how the small intestine and lungs in mammals, gills in fish, and the roots and leaves in plants, are adapted for exchanging materials. In multicellular organisms, surfaces and organ systems are specialised for exchanging materials. This is to allow sufficient molecules tobe transported into and out of cells for the organism’s needs. The effectiveness of an exchange surface is increased by: having a large surface area a membrane that is thin, to provide a short diffusion path (in animals) having an efficient blood supply (in animals, for gaseous exchange) being ventilated.

Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course but can be modified for other exam boards. 22 slides covering Microscopy: By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered (includes a required practical): Students should be able to: understand how microscopy techniques have developed over time explain how electron microscopy has increased understanding of sub-cellular structures. Limited to the differences in magnification and resolution. An electron microscope has much higher magnification and resolving power than a light microscope. This means that it can be used to study cells in much finer detail. This has enabled biologists to see and understand many more sub-cellular structures. Students should be able to carry out calculations involving magnification, real size and image size using the formula: magnification = size of image size of real object Students should be able to express answers in standard form if appropriate. Required practical activity 1: use a light microscope to observe, draw and label a selection of plant and animal cells. A magnification scale must be included.

Check out my other resources at www.tes.com/teaching-resources/shop/mr_science Designed for the new specification AQA GCSE course (covers spec point 4.1.1.3) but can be modified for other exam boards. 13 slides covering Plant specialisation. By the end of the powerpoint students would have covered: -Describe how specialised cells in a plant carry out a particular function -Identify different parts of specialised plant cells and relate these identified parts to their function.

Check out my other resources at: www.tes.com/teaching-resources/shop/mr_science 7 practice exam questions suitable for the new GCSE AQA specification. Great revision tool or could be used as a end of topic test.