Storm Hazards: The nature of tropical storms and their underlying causes Forms of hazard: high winds, storm surges, coastal flooding, river flooding and landslides Spatial distribution, magnitude, frequency, regularity, predictability of hazard events Impacts: primary/secondary, environmental, social, economic, political Short and long term responses: risk management designed to reduce the impacts of the hazard through preparedness, mitigation, prevention and adaptation

Seismic Hazards: The nature of seismicity and its relation to plate tectonics Forms of seismic hazard: earthquakes, shockwaves, tsunamis, liquefaction, landslides Spatial distribution, randomness, magnitude, frequency, regularity, predictability of hazard events Impacts: primary/secondary, environmental, economic, social, political Short and long term responses: risk management to reduce the impacts of hazard through preparedness, mitigation, prevention and adaptation

Volcanic Hazards: The nature of vulcanicity and its relation to plate tectonics Forms of volcanic hazard: nuées ardentes, lava flows, mudflows, pyroclastic flows, ash fallout, gases/acid rain, tephra Spatial distribution, magnitude, frequency, regularity and predictability of hazard events Impacts: primary/secondary, environmental, economic, social, political Short and long term responses: risk management designed to reduce the impacts of the hazard through preparedness, mitigation, prevention and adaptation

Plate Tectonics: Earth structure and internal energy sources Plate tectonic theory of crustal evolution: tectonic plates, plate movement, gravitational sliding, ridge push, slab pull, convection currents, sea-floor spreading Destructive, constructive and conservative plate margins Characteristic processes: seismicity and vulcanicity Associated landforms: young fold mountains, rift valleys, ocean ridges, deep sea trenches, island arcs and volcanoes Magma plumes and their relationship to plate movement

The Concept of a Hazard in a Geographical Context: Nature, forms and potential impacts of a natural hazards Hazard perception and its economic + cultural determinants Characteristic human responses and their response to a hazard incidence, intensity, magnitude, distribution and level of development The Park model of human response to hazards The Hazard Management Cycle